Neuropathic pain is defined as a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system, and may involve the central or peripheral nervous systems. Treatment of neuropathic pain is a challenge for clinicians involved in affected patients' care. In 2007, the first guidelines for the treatment of neuropathic pain in the Canadian context were produced by the Canadian Pain Society. This update to these guidelines incorporates new evidence published since the first guidelines were released.

Conservative endodontic cavity (CEC) may improve fracture resistance of teeth but compromise instrumentation of canals. Extracted human intact maxillary incisors, mandibular premolars and molars were imaged with micro-CT and assigned to CEC or traditional endodontic cavity (TEC) groups (n=10/group/type). Canals were prepared and post-treatment micro-CT images obtained. These teeth along with the negative controls were then loaded to fracture. Mean proportion of untouched canal-wall was significantly higher only in distal canals of molars with CEC compared to TEC. Mean dentin volume removed was significantly smaller for CEC in all tooth types. Mean load-at-fracture for CEC was significantly higher in premolars and molars without differing significantly from the negative controls. While CEC was associated with compromised canal instrumentation only in the distal canals of molars, it conserved coronal dentin in all three tooth types and increased resistance to fracture in the mandibular molars and premolars.iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Pain education, especially for undergraduates, has been identified as important to changing problematic pain practices, yet, no published data were found describing an integrated, interprofessional pain curriculum for undergraduate students. Therefore, this project aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate an integrated pain curriculum, based on the International Association for the Study of Pain curricula [http://www.iasp-pain.org/curropen.html], for 540 students from six Health Science Faculties/Departments. Over an 18-month period, the University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain's Interfaculty Pain Education Committee developed a 20-h undergraduate pain curriculum to be delivered during a 1-week period. Students from Dentistry, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy participated as part of their 2nd or 3rd year program. Teaching strategies included large and small groups, Standardized Patients, and 63 facilitators. Evaluation methods included: (a) pre- and post-tests of the Pain Knowledge and Beliefs Questionnaire (PKBQ) and (b) Daily Content and Process Questionnaire (DCPQ) to obtain feedback about process, content, and format across the curriculum's 5 days. A significant improvement in pain knowledge and beliefs was demonstrated (t = 181.28, P < 0.001), although non-responders were problematic at the post-test. DCPQ overall ratings of 'exceeding or meeting expectations' ranged from 74 to 92%. Ratings were highest for the patient-related content and panel, and the small-group discussions with Standardized Patients. Overall evaluations were positive, and statistically significant changes were demonstrated in students' pain knowledge and beliefs. This unique and valuable learning opportunity will be repeated with some modifications next year.

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This study prospectively assessed the 4 to 8 yr outcome of apical surgery performed by graduate students in phases I and II of the Toronto Study. The study cohort included 155 teeth in 138 patients. Outcome was assessed by a blinded and calibrated examiner. Clinical and radiographic measures were used for a dichotomous outcome: healed (no signs and symptoms, Periapical Index score /= 3). The recall rate was 85% and the overall healed rate 74%. Healed rate was significantly higher for teeth with small (