The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of subjective and objective probe questions in predicting situation awareness as measured by the Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART). The data for this evaluation were taken from a previous investigation in which instrumentrated pilots flew automated ILS approaches into the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) Airport while monitoring the status of patrol vehicles proximal to their approach path. At three points during a simulation run, pilots were administered a questionnaire containing seven questions designed to probe situation awareness. At the end of the run, SART was administered. We found that certain probe questions can predict SART scores. However, the usefulness of these probes requires that the questions be designed in conjunction with scenario development to ensure that operationally critical variables are being probed, and that sufficient variability in the responses allow assessments of relations with sufficient statistical power.

The cognitive processing of persons fluent in two languages has received considerable research interest, resulting in an entire handbook devoted to the topic (Kroll & De Groot, 2005). Lexical decision and naming tasks, often coupled with priming procedures, have been used to assess how meaning is represented in the first and second languages. A common finding is that of processing asymmetry, in which the first language tends to dominate the second (e.g., Kroll & Stewart, 1994). For example, when a semantically related prime word is in one language and the target word to be classified or named is in another language, stronger priming effects occur from the first to the second language than in the opposite direction (Schoonbaert, Duyck, Brysbaert, & Hartsuiker, 2009). A popular model developed to explain such results is that of Kroll and Stewart, which specifies distinct lexical systems for the first and second languages. In the model, both lexical systems have links to a common conceptual system, but those links are weaker for the second language than for the first.Evidence of processing asymmetry for spatial information in the first and second languages was reported by Notebaert, De Moor, Gevers, and Hartsuiker (2007), using a method in which trials of a Simon task (Simon, 1990) for which stimulus location was irrelevant were mixed with trials of a task for which the meaning of a location word was relevant. For the Simon task, left and right keypress responses were assigned to the colors of red and green circles, presented randomly in left and right locations. When performed alone, this task yields a correspondence effect for stimulus and response locations called the Simon effect, for which reaction time (RT) is shorter when the locations correspond than when they do not (Lu & Proctor, 1995). For the task in which location information was relevant, the location words left and right were presented at the center of the display screen and were mapped incompatibly to the right and left keypresses. For monolingual participants, random intermixing of trials from the incompatibly mapped location-relevant tasks with trials from the Simon task results in an elimination of the Simon effect or a reversal to favor the noncorresponding response (Proctor, Marble, & Vu, 2000;Proctor & Vu, 2002). This influence of the incompatible location-word mapping on Simon task performance suggests that verbospatial information and visuospatial information share a semantic/conceptual representation, with stimuli in the Simon task tending to activate the response linked to the shared representation for the task of responding to location words. Notebaert et al. (2007) showed that, for bilingual participants, this influence of an incompatible location-word mapping on the Simon effect occurred only when the words were from the first language. For bilingual Dutch/ French participants, the Simon effect for the locationirrelevant stimuli reversed in the first of four trial blocks when the words were in the participants' first language For monoli...

Beach. Simulated ROVs were flown in terminal airspace for the purpose of determining the feasibility of flying ROVs through commercial traffic. Pilots, with glass cockpit experience, were required to fly one or two ROVs in simulated airspace over water reservoirs near DFW airport, with the major goal of avoiding the approach traffic while patrolling Grapevine and nearby lakes. This paper will focus on pilot performance and strategies for controlling single versus multiple ROVs. Results showed that pilots had a difficult time patrolling the lake without losing separation from the approach traffic. However, their performance did improve after practice. Cooper-Harper workload ratings showed that pilots experienced higher workload when controlling two ROVs compared to one, especially in high traffic, which matches the performance data. Strategies for control of multiple ROVs are discussed.

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