Introduction:Ocular morbidities among pediatric age group play a major role in their education in addition to occurrence of blindness in our community. Even in India, preventable and treatable causes like cataract, refractive error still contribute to more than 80% preventable blindness. Material and Methods: The current research paper is acrosssectional study, conducted in Saveetha medical college and hospital. The data pooled for the study was conducted from January 2019 to March 2019 for a period of 3 months. Allchildren below the age of15 years attending ophthalmology outpatient departmentwere included in the study. Ethical clearance and informed verbal consent was obtained and detailed ophthalmic examination was done. Results: 271 patients were included in the study, 122weremales and 149 were females. All the patients were divided into three broad age groups, 0-5 years, 6-10years and 11-15 years. In the current study overall refractive error (54.6%) was the most widespread ocular morbidity. Allergic conjunctivitis (19.1%), foreign body (8.1%),Chalazion (4%), viral conjunctivitis (2.6%)and squint (2.2%)are other common morbidities. Conclusion: The present research paper suggests refractive error, allergic conjunctivitis, foreign body in eye and chalazion are the important ocular morbidities seen in children. Nearly all of them are treatable or preventable. Theoccurrence of refractive error is high among children and is the main cause of amblyopia.

Diabeties mellitus now a days is a very common disease in developing countries like India. It is considered as a public health problem globally. International Diabetes Federation states that around 382 million diabetic patients are present worldwide. And it states that most of them belong to low and middle-income countries. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and disturbances in carbohydrates, fats, and protein metabolism and associated with metabolic complications that can subsequently lead to premature death. The term hypoglycemia means "under-sweet blood." It occurs when the blood glucose falls to <40–50 mg/dl, which may endanger the patient's life as well as other person's lives. It can be caused by too much insulin intake or oral hypoglycemic agents, too little food, or excessive physical activity. Diabetes medications, including insulin and sulfonylureas, are among the most common causes of hypoglycemia in diabetic subjects. We conducted this study to elucidate how much of our rural sector population was aware of hypoglycemia and medication adherence.  It is a Prospective, observational study using a validated questionnaire. Our study depicted women and people belonging to low socio-economic status had to be taught individually about the chronicity of diabetes, significant adherence to medication, and especially counselling periodically. We must educate our population in their native language about imminent symptoms of hypoglycemia and way of prevention. Trained diabetes counsellors are also important in our country as thus hold millions of diabetes population, and it should be made available at primary health care itself.

Introduction: In India, the incidence of low birth weight babies is around 28%. About two third of the low birth weight babies are term-small for gestational age babies and one third are preterm babies. Low birth weight babies might have low nutritional reserve, especially the micronutrients, out of which zinc is an important one. This study is done to find if there is any association between cord blood zinc level and birth weight in term SGA and AGA babies. Materials & Methods: This is a Prospective cross sectional study which was done in 100 newborns, in which 50 were term SGA and 50 were term AGA newborns. The period of the study was one year. Our study included term SGA as cases and term AGA as controls. After obtaining informed consent from the parents, cord blood sample for serum zinc was collected from term-SGA and term-AGA babies for serum zinc level estimation and sent to our central laboratory. Result:The mean cord blood zinc level in AGA was 97.15 and 90.89 in SGA and there is statistical significance in the cord blood zinc level between AGA and SGA groups. Conclusion:The study concludes that there is a significant correlation in the cord blood zinc level between the term AGA and term SGA neonates.

Background: Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (ALRI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Pneumonia is a severe form of ALRI that cause over 2 million deaths annually among children younger than 5 years of age. About 19% of all deaths, pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality. Malnutrition is known to be associated with greater intensity of lower respiratory tract infections, higher the frequency of complications, longer episodes of infections. This study is to assess the plasma zinc levels in normal and malnourished children with LRI aged 2 months to 5 years.Methods: This is a case control study, which was carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, the study period is one year from July 2016 to July 2017. 100 children between 2 months to 5 years of age with LRI was included in the study and children less than 2 months and more than 5 years. 50 Children with normal nutrition were taken as controls and 50 children with moderate and severe malnutrition were taken as cases. Age and sex were matched among cases and controls. Blood samples were collected for zinc estimation in both the cases and controls. All children were investigated and treated as per the department protocol for the particular condition. All statistical procedures were performed using SPSS v 21.0.Results: In present study, 66% of children had normal zinc levels, 34% of children had low zinc levels. The mean zinc level in our cases was 54.84±18.31 and in controls was 76.84±15.2, which was statistically significant (p = 0.000). Mean plasma zinc levels with respect to age and sex were not significant.Conclusions: Total 34% of children with LRI had low plasma zinc levels. Plasma zinc level were significantly low in malnourished children than normally nourished children with LRI, which is one of the most important cause of high childhood mortality in developing countries.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder due to either insulin deficiency (relative or absolute) or due to peripheral tissue resistance to the action of insulin. Women are classified into those who were known to have diabetes before pregnancy as Pregestational or overt, and those diagnosed during pregnancy as Gestational. The study was conducted in infants born to diabetic mothers focusing on the morbidity and mortality of the neonates.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out in the Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital from July 2014 to July 2015. The study population comprises of 65 Neonates of mothers diagnosed to have gestational diabetes mellitus or overt diabetes mellitus. Screening and appropriate investigations was done for the neonates.Results: 65 neonates of Infants of Diabetic Mother were studied, 48(73.85%) were born to mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and 17 (26.15%) were born to mothers with Overt Diabetes Mellitus. The most common morbidity in neonate born to GDM mothers compared to overt DM mothers was hyperbilirubinemia (52.08%), hypoglycaemia (50%), polycythemia (43.75%). Ventricular septal defect (17.65%) was the most common cardiac finding in overt DM mothers. P values (0.05%) were significant for hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycaemia and polycythemia when compared with infants of GDM mothers and overt DM mothers. There was no mortality in present study.Conclusions: The occurrence of morbidities and mortality were more significant in the infants of GDM mothers when compared to overt DM mothers who had good glycemic control before and during the pregnancy.