This work presents a general method for producing edge-modified graphene using electrophilic aromatic substitution. Five types of edge-modified graphene were created from graphene/graphite nanoplatelets sourced commercially and produced by ultrasonic exfoliation of graphite in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In contrast to published methods based on Friedel-Crafts acylation, this method does not introduce a carbonyl group that may retard electron transfer between the graphene sheet and its pendant groups. Graphene sulphonate (G-SO 3-) was prepared by chlorosulphonation and then reduced to form graphene thiol (G-SH). The modifications tuned the graphene nanoparticles' solubility: G-SO 3 was readily dispersible in water, and G-SH was dispersible in toluene. The synthetic utility of the directly attached reactive moieties was demonstrated by creating a ''glycographene'' through radical addition of allyl mannoside to G-SH. Chemical modifications were confirmed by FT-IR and XPS. Based on XPS analysis of edge-modified GNPs, G-SO 3 and G-SH had a S:C atomic ratio of 0.3:100. XPS showed that a significant amount of carbon sp 2 character remained after functionalisation, indicating little modification to the conductive basal plane. The edge specificity of the modifications was visualised on edge-modified samples of graphene produced by chemical vapour deposition (CVD): scanning electron microscopy of gold nanoparticles attached to G-SH samples,

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