in external knee adduction moment (EKAM), pain reductions when comparing to a neutral insole has unfortunately not shown a significant effect. A treatment that has shown good clinical results are simple knee sleeves, but these do not alter the mechanical loading at the knee and thus combining both of these is an attractive option. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using a lateral wedge insole and simple knee sleeve as a combined treatment, and compared this approach to using each treatment individually over a 6-week period. Methods: To date: eighteen male participants have been recruited; all were diagnosed with medial knee OA radiologically and clinically via American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Participants completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) evaluation one week before starting the trial and in the first visit before using the group-assigned treatment. The participants were randomised to one of three treatment groups: the insole group, the sleeve group and the combined group (insole þ sleeve group). Each group consisted of six participants. Gait analysis was conducted during the first visit before applying the treatment. KOSS and gait analysis were reassessed after 6 weeks of treatment. Results: The age, height and mass demographic characteristics were very similar among the participants (age: 59, 55.3 and 55.6; height: 1.68 m, 1.72 m and 1.69 m; weight: 83.3 kg, 91.1 kg and 93.7 kg), in the combined group, sleeve group and insole group, respectively. When comparing to the groups at baseline outcomes were similar although the sleeve group did have a higher KOOS pain score. After six weeks of treatment, the combined group and the insole group showed reductions in EKAM compared to their baseline readings. Whilst the sleeve group showed a small increase in EKAM after the six weeks. However, the KOOS pain score showed a good reduction in all groups compared to their baselines. First peak knee adduction moment (EKAM) Nm/Kg

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