The aim of this work was to produce filaments of PLA/PBAT and NPK fertilizer adsorbed on organophilized bentonite intended for application in the prototyping of biodegradable agricultural artifacts in 3D printing, using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique. This is the first time that we have reported this composite for a 3D printing approach. Systems containing PLA/PBAT, organobentonite and NPK were initially processed in an internal mixer and later extruded as filaments in a single-screw extruder. The prototypes were printed by FDM. Structural, morphological and thermal properties, as well as NPK releasing, were investigated. The results suggest that exfoliated and/or intercalated nanocomposites were obtained by the organoclay addition to the PLA/PBAT blend. The morphological analysis revealed a good surface quality of the impressions. Systems containing organobentonite released approximately 22% less fertilizer in 24 h compared to the systems without organobentonite. This difference is due to the higher concentration of nanoparticles that generate more barriers to the diffusion of NPK. The release data for these systems had a better fit to the kinetic model of Korsmeyer-Peppas. Thus, studied filaments have the potential to retard the release of fertilizer and are suitable for further development of structures for agricultural applications by FDM.
RESUMO Com o agravamento dos problemas ambientas causados pela má gestão de resíduos sólidos, os polímeros biodegradáveis surgem como alternativas de materiais sustentáveis que podem de minimizar o impacto ambiental. Diante da demanda urgente por produtos sustentáveis, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver filmes a base poli (ácido láctico) (PLA) e a proteína isolada de soja (SPI) via extrusão plana para estudo como potencial aplicação em embalagens para alimentos. Os filmes foram produzidos em cinco diferentes formulações: a matriz pura de PLA como filme controle; PLA com 3 e 5% da proteína isolada de soja, PLA com 3 e 5% da proteína isolada de soja com o acréscimo de 1,5% de glicerol, e analisados via termogravimetria, espectroscopia de infravermelho, transmitância por UV-vis e ângulo de contato. O resultados indicaram que a inserção dos componentes à matriz de PLA levou a redução da estabilidade térmica dos filmes, que também não apresentaram interação química entre os seus componentes. As partículas de soja, melhor dispersas na matriz em função da presença do plastificantes, auxiliaram na redução da transmitância dos filmes, e na formação de sistemas hidrofílicos.
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