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Temporal and spatial patterns of cetacean diversity and distribution were investigated through eight ship-based surveys carried out during spring and autumn between 2009 and 2014 on the outer continental shelf (~150m) and slope (1500m) off southeastern and southern Brazil (~23°S to ~34°S). The survey area was divided into southeast and south areas according to their oceanographic characteristics. Twenty-one species were observed in 503 sightings. The overall number of species was similar between the two areas, though it was higher in the spring in the south area. Five species were dominant and diversity varied more seasonally than spatially. ANOVA and kernel analyses showed that overall cetacean densities were higher in spring compared to autumn. Physeter macrocephalus, the most frequent species, concentrated throughout the south area at depths over 1000m in both seasons. Despite the overlapped occurrence at a broader scale, small delphinids presented latitudinal and in-offshore gradients as well as seasonal variation in distribution patterns, which could indicate habitat partitioning between some species. Delphinus delphis was only recorded in the south and its density decreased in areas where the presence of Stenella frontalis increased, mainly beyond the 250m isobath. Densities of S. longirostris and S. attenuata increased in lower latitudes and beyond the shelf break. The large delphinids Tursiops truncatus and Globicephala melas formed mixed groups in many occasions and were observed along the study area around depths of 500m. Grampus griseus was twice as frequent in the south area and densities increased in waters deeper than 600m. As expected, densities of both small and large migratory whales were higher during spring, over the continental slope, in the southeast area. The results presented here provided strong evidence on the importance of the outer continental shelf and slope to a diverse community of cetaceans occurring in the subtropical Southwestern Atlantic.

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Artigo recebido em 31 de agosto de 2017, versão final aceita em 20 de novembro de 2017. RESUMO:O Planejamento Espacial Marinho (PEM) é um processo público de análise e alocação das atividades humanas no mar e se iniciou no Brasil em 2011, mas obteve avanços incipientes. A avaliação da disponibilidade de dados ambientais e de atividades humanas no mar e a identificação das lacunas em sua distribuição espacial são etapas iniciais do PEM. Este trabalho utiliza uma lista de descritores para o PEM, analisa a disponibilidade destes em repositórios de dados nacionais e internacionais e mostra lacunas de dados na Zona Econômica-Exclusiva (ZEE) do Sul do Brasil. Os descritores necessários para o PEM foram relacionados aos temas de dados geoespaciais disponíveis na Infraestrutura para Informações Espaciais na Europa (INSPIRE) para a quantificação da relevância de cada tema. Os temas disponíveis na INSPIRE contribuem para a elaboração de 85% dos descritores para o PEM na Europa, e os mais representativos são Zonas de Restrição, Regulação e Manejo, Regiões Marinhas, Infraestrutura Industrial e de Produção, Áreas Protegidas e Habitats e Biótopos. A Infraestrutura Nacional de Dados Espaciais (INDE) contribui com apenas cinco dos 145 descritores. O Banco Nacional de Dados Oceanográficos (BNDO) possui uma estrutura limitada, que não o configura como sendo uma plataforma para consulta de dados, sendo apenas um repositório. Mapas de densidade kernel foram utilizados para avaliar a distribuição e detectar lacunas de dados geoespaciais. Os dados disponíveis possuem, em geral, maior concentração na plataforma continental interna (até 50 m) e apresentam descontinuidades na distribuição espacial variadas para cada tema. É importante avançar no PEM brasileiro, mesmo com os Palavras-chave: Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais (IDE); Gestão Costeira Integrada (GCI); conservação de habitats marinhos; exploração econômica dos oceanos; análise espacial; INSPIRE.ABSTRACT: Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is a public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas. In Brazil it has started in 2011, but with little improvements. One of the first steps for MSP is the assessment of data on environmental and human activities, as well as data gaps identification. This article uses a list of descriptors required for MSP, analyzes the availability of data in national and international data repositories, and shows geospatial data gaps in the southern Brazilian Economic-Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The 145 descriptors listed were related to themes available in the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) to assess the relevance of each theme for MSP. The INSPIRE themes contribute to 85% of the MSP descriptors and the most relevant themes are management, restriction and regulation zones, sea regions, production and industrial facilities, protected sites and habitats and biotopes. The Brazilian National Spatial Data Infrastructure (INDE, in Portuguese) contributes with only five of the 14...