RESUMO:As cadelas são animais multíparos de gestação curta que produzem, em geral, proles numerosas que podem atingir a maturidade sexual a partir de seis meses de idade. Na atualidade, o controle populacional da espécie canina e consequentemente das zoonoses deve ser contemplado em programas ou políticas públicas pelos gestores municipais e estaduais. A esterilização cirúrgica constitui a principal medida para esse controle. As drogas anticonceptivas principalmente as injetáveis para prevenir ou retardar o cio ou estro e não permitir uma fertilidade futura foram muito utilizadas na década de 80 e no início de 90 e continuam até os dias de hoje. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a prevalência e as principais implicações associadas ao uso de anticoncepcionais em cadelas atendidas no Hospital Veterinário Universitário "Médico Veterinário Jeremias Pereira da Silva" da Universidade Federal do Piauí, no período de janeiro de 2012 a julho de 2014, onde se pôde concluir que o uso de anticoncepcionais possivelmente está relacionado com a alta ocorrência de casos de piometra, neoplasia mamária e aborto. Palavras chave: Aborto, anticoncepção, neoplasia, piometra Pathological implications after contraceptive use in bitches located in Teresina-PIABSTRACT: Bitches are multiparous animals of short gestation, producing generally numerous offspring that can reach sexual maturity from six months old. Currently, the population control of the canine species and consequently of zoonoses must appear in programs or public policies by municipal and state managers. Surgical sterilization is the main measure for this control. The contraceptive drugs mainly injectables to prevent or slow down the heat or oestrus and not allow future fertility, were widely used in the 80s and early 90s and continues to this day. The objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence and the main implications associated with the use of contraceptives in dogs treated at University Veterinary Hospital "Veterinarian Jeremiah Pereira da Silva" the Federal University of Piauí, from January 2012 to July 2014, where it could be concluded that the use of contraceptives is possibly related to the high incidence of cases of pyometra, breast cancer and abortion.
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