Buildings are composed of several systems, each with specific designs and regulations to ensure that constructions are safe and viable. Many residential, commercial, and industrial buildings have systems with gas central storage, which must be subjected to strict safety criteria to avoid accidents. In addition to the safety mechanisms provided by manufacturers, designers of these gas central storage must consider other devices to reduce explosion risk and mitigate the damaging blast effects. Explosions are physical-chemical phenomena that are characterized by the sudden expansion of a material and, consequently, energy release. When an accidental explosion occurs, much damage is caused by the shock wave and fragments. In the case of pressure vessels, a mechanical explosion can occur. Studying this explosion is essential to developing a more reliable, safe design for surrounding buildings and its users. This work aims to study the effects of gas tank explosions. In this study, the Autodyn computational tool based on fluid dynamics (CFD) is used. This software allows the modeling of complex explosion scenarios and the evaluation of blast wave parameters. For each numerical model, the overpressure levels outdoors and indoors are evaluated. The results indicated how the wave overpressures are distributed in different scenarios, and from them, it was possible to analyze the damaging levels.
Um dos sistemas construtivos mais usado no Brasil é o concreto armado. Normalmente, as estruturas são constituídas por lajes, vigas, pilares e fundação. Todos esses elementos devem ser dimensionados e verificados a fim de resistir todos os esforços solicitantes. No dimensionamento, especificamente nas vigas e lajes, são feitas várias verificações. Uma das verificações, exigida pela norma vigente, é a posição da linha neutra. Essa linha neutra separa a região comprimida da região tracionada de um elemento submetido à flexão. Este estudo apresentou, de forma didática, o cálculo dessa linha neutra e as equações deduzidas para facilitar o trabalho dos profissionais de engenharia civil. Ao longo do texto, é exposto o passo a passo do cálculo para vigas com diversos tipos de seções transversais: retangular, I, T e trapezoidal. Todos os cálculos aplicáveis a vigas de concreto armado. Cada tipo de seção transversal resultou em equações diferentes. Normalmente, chega-se a equações do segundo grau para seções geometricamente retangulares e do terceiro grau para seções com partes triangulares.
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