With the continuous improvement of big data technology, my country’s coal liquefaction technology has also continued to mature, maintaining a stable industrial development. Traditional coal pyrolysis technology for tar production with the purpose of increasing tar production, such as coal hydropyrolysis, has problems such as high cost of pure hydrogen atmosphere and complex process and equipment operations, which severely restrict its industrial operation process. Based on this, this paper proposes a new technology of coal pyrolysis and depolymerization coupled with oil increase by using hydrogen precipitated by the condensation polymerization reaction at relatively high temperature under big data technology to study the effect of this process on coal pyrolysis for oil production. Experiments show that at 700°C, the tar yield reaches 21.5wt.%, which is 6% and 7% higher than the pyrolysis tar yield under the same conditions under hydrogen and nitrogen atmospheres. At 600°C, the methane aromatization reaction is relatively weak, and it can be seen that the tar yield is only slightly higher than that under hydrogen and nitrogen atmospheres. As the temperature of the methane anaerobic aromatization reaction increases, the equilibrium conversion rate increases accordingly. Therefore, as the reaction temperature increases, the tar yield also begins to increase.

With the development of computer operation technology and algorithms, the lumped dynamic model is more practical, and the development and application are more comprehensive. Among them, the direct coal liquefaction residual oil pyrolysis and coking technology, as a coal-to-liquid process, can increase the oil yield of the coal liquefaction process and reduce environmental pollution. The purpose of this paper is to study the experiment and algorithm of coal direct liquefaction residual oil pyrolysis and coking technology based on lumped kinetic engineering. Starting from the lumped kinetic engineering, this paper takes the direct coal liquefaction residual oil pyrolysis and coking technology as the research object. Based on the experiment of small- and medium-sized equipment, the residual oil pyrolysis and coking experiment is carried out. This paper further analyzes the components of the experimental products and explores the factors that affect the yield of residual pyrolysis oil based on the five lumped kinetic model of coking. Experimental data shows that when the pyrolysis temperature is 450°C, the content of liquefied heavy oil HS in the pyrolysis oil is 47.87%, the content of asphaltene A is 44.28%, and the content of preasphaltene PA is 7.85%; the pyrolysis temperature is 500 °C. At this time, the content of liquefied heavy oil HS in the pyrolysis oil is 54.97%, the content of asphaltene A is 40.23%, and the content of preasphaltene PA is 4.8%. It can be seen that, with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the content of liquefied heavy oil HS increases, and the content of asphaltene A and preasphaltene PA decreases.