Soil organic carbon (SOC) changes under future climate warming are difficult to quantify in situ. Here we apply an innovative approach combining space-for-time substitution with meta-analysis to SOC measurements in 113,013 soil profiles across the globe to estimate the effect of future climate warming on steady-state SOC stocks. We find that SOC stock will reduce by 6.0 ± 1.6% (mean±95% confidence interval), 4.8 ± 2.3% and 1.3 ± 4.0% at 0–0.3, 0.3–1 and 1–2 m soil depths, respectively, under 1 °C air warming, with additional 4.2%, 2.2% and 1.4% losses per every additional 1 °C warming, respectively. The largest proportional SOC losses occur in boreal forests. Existing SOC level is the predominant determinant of the spatial variability of SOC changes with higher percentage losses in SOC-rich soils. Our work demonstrates that warming induces more proportional SOC losses in topsoil than in subsoil, particularly from high-latitudinal SOC-rich systems.

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) accounts for two-thirds of terrestrial carbon. Yet, the role of soil physicochemical properties in regulating SOC stocks is unclear, inhibiting reliable SOC predictions under land use and climatic changes. Using legacy observations from 141 584 soil profiles worldwide, we disentangle the effects of biotic, climatic and edaphic factors (a total of 31 variables) on the global spatial distribution of SOC stocks in four sequential soil layers down to 2 m. The results indicate that the 31 variables can explain 60 %–70 % of the global variance of SOC in the four layers, to which climatic variables and edaphic properties each contribute ∼35 % except in the top 20 cm soil. In the top 0–20 cm soil, climate contributes much more than soil properties (43 % vs. 31 %), while climate and soil properties show the similar importance in the 20–50, 50–100 and 100–200 cm soil layers. However, the most important individual controls are consistently soil-related and include soil texture, hydraulic properties (e.g. field capacity) and pH. Overall, soil properties and climate are the two dominant controls. Apparent carbon inputs represented by net primary production, biome type and agricultural cultivation are secondary, and their relative contributions were ∼10 % in all soil depths. This dominant effect of individual soil properties challenges the current climate-driven framework of SOC dynamics and needs to be considered to reliably project SOC changes for effective carbon management and climate change mitigation.

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles are prepared by wet chemical method, unlike conventional methods, we applied a water-soluble dextrin、CMC and starch in the preparation. The starch serves as a stabilizer and dispersant that prevents the resultant nanoparticles from agglomeration, and characterized by XRD、SEM and USP. Compare the dispersion of particles and particle size in progress of reducing. According to the characterization results, the nanoparticles can be dispersed more efficiently, maintained the activity of it owned and kept the stability longer with the dispersing agent. Based on the results obtained, the starch as a dispersion agent on the preparation of Zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles is an ideal approach.

Several novel organic material were Prepared by condensation between p-aminophenyl methyl keton, 3,5-Dicholoro-4-aminophenyl methyl keton and 5-Dibromo-4-aminophenyl methyl keton and pyrrole. The reaction condition has been optimized. The structure was characterized by 1HNMR and elemental analysis.

According to the column experiment of loess and loess-quartz mixed mediums of different proportion, we studied the changing rule of the wetting front ,infiltration capacity, and infiltration rate with time. The wetting fronts of the three mediums followed power relation against time, the correlation coefficients were all above 0.99.The fitting formula based on the relationship between wetting front and the time, and the correlation coefficients were above 0.97. With the proportion of quartz sand in mixed samples increased, the infiltration coefficient and infiltration rate increased.