Objective: To investigate histopathologic changes of muscularis mucosae (MM) and submucosa in the gastric cardia. Methods:We performed a histopathology study of 50 distal esophagectomies with proximal gastrectomies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as the study (noncancerous cardiac) group and 60 gastrectomies for early gastric cardiac carcinoma as the cancer group. The gastroesophageal junction was defined as the distal end of squamous epithelium, multilayered epithelium, or deep esophageal glands or ducts.Gastric cardia (n = 110) was defined as the presence of cardiac and cardio-oxyntic mucosae distal to the gastroesophageal junction.Results: The average thickness of MM and submucosa in the cardia was 1.04 and 1.41 mm, respectively, which was significantly thicker than that in distal stomach (n = 34) (0.22 and 0.99 mm) or distal esophagus (n = 92) (0.60 and 1.15 mm). In the cardia, thickened MM displayed frayed muscle fibers (93.3%) with a significantly higher prevalence of entrapped glands, cysts, and lymphoid follicles than in the distal stomach or distal esophagus. In the submucosa fatty changes, cysts, and abnormal arteries were significantly more common in the cardia than in the distal stomach or distal esophagus. Compared with the study group, the cardia in the cancer group showed significantly thicker MM (average 1.31 vs 0.72 mm) and submucosa (average 1.61 vs 1.16 mm), more frequent frayed MM (93.3% vs 60.0%), prolapse-like changes (50.0% vs 2.0%), and cysts (26.7% vs 4.0%).Conclusion: MM and submucosa of the cardia were significantly thickened, especially in early gastric cardiac carcinomas.

It is found that great differences exist in the consolidated quick direct shear strength index of the silty clay based on several consolidated quick direct shear tests with different rate of shear. In this letter, the changes of the water-content coefficients of the soil samples before and after the tests are analyzed. The results indicate that the drain consolidation phenomenon exists during the consolidated quick direct shear tests. Different rates of shear are corresponding to different levels of drain consolidation, and then the strength index is different. Furthermore, the reason of the fact that the friction angle of the silty clay relatively increases with different rates of shear, while the cohesive strength decreases relatively is explained.

The flow-induced micro-vibration in Shuifu County Town near Xiangjia Dam is studied in this paper. First the characteristics of the micro-vibration are investigated based on the in situ measurement, and then the dynamic property of the still basin which is thought to be the vibration source is analyzed with the effect of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) considered. Finally, the reason of the micro-vibration in Shuifu county town is discussed and several possible engineering suggestions for vibration reduction are also proposed.

The thrust rod is the key load-bearing part of the balanced suspension on heavy commercial vehicle. In order to optimize the structure and study the durability of it, we carried out the force and simulation analysis. In this paper, the model of thrust rod and guide mechanism was simplified. Under all driving conditions, force analysis was done for fully-loaded vehicle and force calculation formulae of thrust rods in different directions were derived. Multi-body dynamics model of the vehicle was established with ADAMS and we compared the differences of the two algorithms. Then the results of the two algorithms were compared with the load spectrum test results. We find the calculated results are in good agreement with engineering requirements.