The present paper aims to study the effect of cellulase hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization on the structural and physicochemical properties of rice bran dietary fiber (RB-DF). Scanning electron microscopy showed that cellulase treatment led to the formation of a porous structure on RB-DF surface. High-pressure homogenization affected the laminated microstructure of RB-DF, leading to the formation of an irregular and loose surface structure. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that joint processing destroyed the amorphous hemicellulose and cellulose regions, and changed the crystallinity of RB-DF, albeit with a minor impact on the crystalline region of cellulose. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that combined processing promoted dissociation of some glycosidic bonds in fiber structure, exposing the hydroxyl groups in cellulose, thus improving their ability to bind water molecules. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a significant decrease in the thermal decomposition temperature of RB-DF (p <0.05) as well as a decrease in thermal stability after combined processing. Cellulase hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization treatment did not improve their oil holding capacity, but significantly increased water holding capacity, swelling capability, and cation exchange capacity of RB-DF. Thus, enzymatic hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization treatment can change the structure of RB-DF, exposing a large number of hydrophilic groups and enhancing hydration, obtaining uniform RB-DF particle.

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A novel antioxidant chitosan film incorporated with pomegranate peel extract (PPE) (0, 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/v)) was developed. The mechanical property, water vapor permeability, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the films were investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed that good interactions occurred between functional groups of chitosan with PPE. The flexibility and water vapor barrier property were improved by incorporation with PPE. Films containing PPE had higher total phenolic content and showed better antioxidant activity. These results suggest that chitosan films incorporated with PPE can be useful for meat preservation.

We found two compound heterozygous missense mutations (c.515C>T, R143C in exon 3 and c.759C>T, S212F in exon 4) in both siblings. HaCaT cells transfected with mutant TGM1 cDNAs displayed a lower growth rate and delayed S phase while overexpression of wild-type TGM1 cDNAs led to accelerated growth. HaCaT cells transfected with mutant TGM1 cDNAs displayed lower expression of differentiation markers such as involucrin and filaggrin. Our findings suggest that the compound heterozygous missense (c.515C>T, R143C) mutations in exon 3 and missense (c.759C>T, S212F) mutations in exon 4 result in the phenotype of ARCI. TGM1 mutations can suppress keratinocyte growth and cornified cell envelope formation.

Chitosan-based films containing lavender essential oil (LEO) (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% (v/v)) were prepared to evaluate their physical and antibacterial activities. In order to study the impact of the incorporation of LEO into chitosan matrix, the solubility, mechanical property, water vapor permeability, and antibacterial activity of the films were investigated. Fourier transform infrared chromatography (FTIR) was carried out to explain structure–property relationships. Results showed that the solubility and water vapor permeability of the chitosan-based film decreased by LEO incorporation. Films containing LEO showed better mechanical property. FTIR spectra demonstrated good interaction between functional groups of chitosan with LEO. With the concentration of LEO increased from 0 to 1.5 %, the inhibitory zone of four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus magaterium, Bacillus subtilis) increased. It can be concluded that chitosan films containing LEO can be used for development of active food packaging materials.