A super-hydrophobic anti-corrosion film was facilely prepared via in situ growth of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on the etched AZ31 magnesium alloy and then modification by 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane (PFOTMS) in this work. The morphology, structure, composition, surface roughness and water contact angles (WCA), and the anti-corrosion performance of the samples were investigated. The results revealed that the micro/nano hierarchical surface morphology of the films was composed of island structures obtained after chemical etching and MgAl-LDH nanowalls grown in situ. The best hydrophobicity (CA = 163°) was obtained on the MgAl-LDHs with the maximum surface roughness. Additionally, the potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and immersion test indicated that the super-hydrophobic LDH films provided better corrosion resistance to AZ31 magnesium alloy due to the double-protection derived from the LDHs and super-hydrophobic properties. Furthermore, the contact angle could be kept at above 140° after dipped in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 6 days.

We reported the realization of superhydrophobic layered double hydroxide (LDH) coating with the double-anticorrosion mechanism on magnesium alloys. This coating was prepared via in-situ growth of LDHs on the etched AZ31 alloy and the modification was caused by 1H, 1H, 2H, 2Hperfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane. The water contact angle on the coating was as large as 161°, possessing the two-scale rough structure consisting of microislands and LDH crystal nanosheets. The excellent corrosion resistance properties of the superhydrophobic LDH coating can be attributed to the double-anticorrosion mechanism associated with LDH coating and superhydrophobic structure. In addition to the active protection of LDH coating, the passive protection of superhydrophobic coating can suppress the occurrence of ion-exchange reactions, leading to excellent corrosion resistance stability.

BackgroundInfertility is estimated to occur in 1 out of every 4–7 couples. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a type of assisted reproduction introduced in 1992, has been used across the world for almost all indications of infertility, yielding high pregnancy rates. There is a growing concern worldwide about ICSI since semen quality has declined in recent years, accompanied with the potential risks of this technology. This study aims to analyze the current status and hotspots of ICSI via a bibliometric analysis.MethodsWe retrieved publications on ICSI from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2002 to 2021. CiteSpace was used to summarize knowledge mapping of subject categories, keywords, and co-citation relationships with the strongest citation bursts. VOSviewer was used to explore co-citation and co-occurrence relationships for countries, organizations, references, authors, and keywords.ResultsA total of 8271 publications were analyzed between 2002 and 2021. The major findings are as follows: the USA, China, Italy, Japan, and Belgium are the top five prolific countries. The Free University of Brussels, University of Copenhagen, University of Valencia, Ghent University, and the University of California San Francisco are the top five contributing organizations. Fertility and Sterility and Human Reproduction are the most productive and cited journals. The hotspot topics are risks of ICSI, oocyte preservation, live birth rate, infertile men, and embryo quality in the past two decades.ConclusionThis study presents a research overview of ICSI from different perspectives. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the current status of ICSI research and provide hotspots and trends for future studies.

miR-141 is highly expressed in prostate cancer. miR-141 can down-regulate PTEN to enhance Akt expression, thereby facilitating the malignant features of cells. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are one type of promising therapeutic carrier for the exosomes. This study assessed the effect of exosomes originating from the miR-141-inhibitor-modified BMSCs on prostate cancer cells. For in vitro experiment, a prostate cancer cell line (DU145 cells) was employed and when they reach a logarithmic growth phase, they were co-cultured with BMSCs and then assigned into miR-141 down group, miR-141 up group, NC group and control group followed by analysis of miR-141 expression by quantitative-PCR, cell proliferation by MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry, and P13K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins expression by western blotting. The exosomes originating from the miR-141-inhibitor-modified BMSCs decreased miR-141 expression, restrained cell proliferation, increased cell proportions in G0/G1 and G2 phases, while decreased cell proportions in S phase. Control group and miR-141 down group exhibited weak expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal proteins, which included p-mTOR, p-P70S6K, p-4E-BP1, p-Akt and p-PTEN. In conclusion, exosomes from the miR-141-inhibitor-modified BMSCs can restrain prostate cancer cell proliferation and increase apoptosis possibly through targeting PTEN to modulate the P13K/Akt/mTOR signal transduction pathway.