Devices used to set and control the environmental temperature are critical to the performance of gas-sensitive material analyzers, which use silicon microcantilevers to characterize the gas-sensitive materials. This paper describes a novel microtemperature-control device that uses a double Peltier structure to replace the traditional refrigerant temperature control system. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm is used to achieve accurate and fast temperature control, with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network trained to identify the nonlinear dynamics of the Peltier system. A neighbor hybrid mean center opposition-based learning particle swarm optimization (NHCOPSO) algorithm is proposed to optimize the PID controller. The LSTM network identification is obviously better than that of previous Peltier system identification methods, and the NHCOPSO algorithm is found to be superior to other improved PSO and evolutionary algorithms on benchmark functions and in PID parameter optimization. Experimental results show that the proposed temperature control device greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of gas-sensitive material analysis with a temperature control range of −40 to 180 • C, a temperature control tolerance within ±0.05 • C, a maximum heating rate of 20 • C/min, and a maximum cooling rate of −10 • C/min. INDEX TERMS Gas-sensing material analysis, intelligent system identification, long short-term memory, particle swarm optimization, Peltier temperature control system.