Due to its high electrochemical activities and low intercalation potential for Li/Li+, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are booming as commerciogenic anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, the reasonable devise of nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated CoP (CoP@NC) nanocomposites, which is derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOF‐Co) precursors, combining with graphene modification, is presented. The ultrafine CoP@NC nanoparticles are strongly incorporated with graphene networks (CoP@NC/GO). When assessed as anode electrode for LIBs, novel dual carbon encapsulation architectures of CoP@NC/GO hybrid composites exhibit superior cyclability (345 mAh g−1 at 1500 mA g−1 after 1000 cycles) and prominent rate ability (404 mAh g−1 at 3000 mA g−1). It is believed that this strategy can be helpful for boosting the electrochemical performance of the TMPs family as advance anode materials for energy storage systems.

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