A high-performance
catalyst is the key to selectively convert lignin
into aromatic monomers. In this study, Ru@N-doped carbon catalysts
were prepared in situ by a two-stage pyrolysis of a mixture of d-glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) and ruthenium trichloride
with melamine acting as a soft template. The layered graphitic carbon
nitride (g-C3N4) and the well-wrinkled, mesoporous
graphitic carbon with doped nitrogen atoms were formed after the pyrolysis
at 600 and 800 °C, respectively. For the latter catalyst, the
incorporation of either pyridinic or pyrrolic N atoms on the graphitic
carbon support could not only homogeneously disperse and stabilize
the Ru nanoparticles (NPs) but also create the defect-rich carbon
structure. Compared with commercial Pd/C and Ru/C catalysts, the Ru@N-doped
carbon catalyst contributed to higher catalytic activity for lignin
depolymerization. The yield of the aromatic monomers reached ∼30.5%
over the optimal catalyst at 300 °C.
The effect of sulfated CaO on NO reduction by NH3 in the presence of excess oxygen was investigated to evaluate the potential of simultaneous SO2 and NO removal at the temperature range of 700−850 °C. The physical and chemical properties of the CaO sulfation products were analyzed to investigate the NO reduction mechanism. Experimental results showed that sulfated CaO had a catalytic effect on NO reduction by NH3 in the presence of excess O2 after the sulfation reaction entered the transition control stage. With the increase of CaO sulfation extent in this stage, the activity for NO reduction first increased and then decreased, and the selectivity of NH3 for NO reduction to N2 increased. The byproduct (NO2 and N2O) formation during NO reduction experiments was negligible. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that neither CaSO3 nor CaS was detected, indicating that the catalytic activity of NO reduction by NH3 in the presence of excess O2 over sulfated CaO was originated from the CaSO4 product. These results revealed that simultaneous SO2 and NO
x
control by injecting NH3 into the dry flue gas desulfurization process for NO reduction might be achieved.
Ovarian hormone plays a role in the regulation of 5-HT3R expressions in restraint stress-induced bowel dysfunction of rats. The interactions between ovarian steroids and gastrointestinal tract may have major pathophysiological implications in 5-HT-related disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
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