Background Two reports by the U.S. surgeon general noted the disproportionate impact of oral disease on and lack of oral health information regarding people with disabilities. Methods In this retrospective study, the authors used clinical and demographic data (from April 1, 2009, through March 31, 2010) from electronic dental records of 4,732 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) who were receiving dental care through a state-supported system of dental clinics. The authors used these data to investigate the oral health status of, and associated risk factors for, adults with IDD. Results The prevalence of untreated caries in the study population was 32.2 percent, of periodontitis was 80.3 percent and of edentulism was 10.9 percent. The mean (standard deviation) numbers of decayed teeth; missing teeth; and decayed, missing and filled teeth were 1.0 (2.2), 6.7 (7.0) and 13.9 (7.7), respectively. Conclusions Management of oral health presents significant challenges in adults with IDD. Age, ability to cooperate with dental treatment and type of residence are important considerations in identifying preventive strategies. Clinical Implications The study population demonstrated a high burden of dental disease. Further research is required to identify effective interventions to improve oral health in adults with IDD.

Large-area self-assembled monolayers of nanoparticles are fabricated on the surface of deionized water by controlled evaporation of nanoparticles dispersed in a binary solvent mixture. The difference in solvent volatility and partial coverage of the trough leads to a flux of nanoparticles toward the evaporation front. The monolayers are comprised of monodisperse magnetite and gold nanoparticles or slightly more polydisperse manganese oxide nanoparticles. The floating monolayers are transferred onto different substrates by the Langmuir-Schaefer method. Surfactants in the colloidal solution and substrate materials have significant impact on the monolayer formation. Bilayers of nanoparticles with different twist angles between layers are also obtained by double deposition.

The structural, chemical, and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles are compared. Aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the prevalence of antiphase boundaries in nanoparticles that have significantly reduced magnetization, relative to the bulk. Atomistic magnetic modelling of nanoparticles with and without these defects reveals the origin of the reduced moment. Strong antiferromagnetic interactions across antiphase boundaries support multiple magnetic domains even in particles as small as 12–14 nm.