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Multi-label classification deals with the determination of instance-label associations for unseen instances. Although many margin-based approaches are delicately developed, the uncertainty classifications for those with smaller separation margins remain unsolved. The intuitionistic fuzzy set is an effective tool to characterize the concept of uncertainty, yet it has not been examined for multi-label cases. This paper proposed a novel model called intuitionistic fuzzy three-way label enhancement (IFTWLE) for multi-label classification. The IFTWLE combines label enhancement with an intuitionistic fuzzy set under the framework of three-way decisions. For unseen instances, we generated the pseudo-label for label uncertainty evaluation from a logical label-based model. An intuitionistic fuzzy set-based instance selection principle seamlessly bridges logical label learning and numerical label learning. The principle is hierarchically developed. At the label level, membership and non-membership functions are pair-wisely defined to measure the local uncertainty and generate candidate uncertain instances. After upgrading to the instance level, we select instances from the candidates for label enhancement, whereas they remained unchanged for the remaining. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to combine logical label learning with numerical label learning into a unified framework for minimizing classification uncertainty. Extensive experiments demonstrate that, with the selectively reconstructed label importance, IFTWLE achieves statistically superior over the state-of-the-art multi-label classification algorithms in terms of classification accuracy. The computational complexity of this algorithm is On2mk, where n, m, and k denote the unseen instances count, label count, and average label-specific feature size, respectively.

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Data representation is of significant importance in minimizing multi-label ambiguity. While most researchers intensively investigate label correlation, the research on enhancing model robustness is preliminary. Low-quality data is one of the main reasons that model robustness degrades. Aiming at the cases with noisy features and missing labels, we develop a novel method called robust global and local label correlation (RGLC). In this model, subspace learning reconstructs intrinsic latent features immune from feature noise. The manifold learning ensures that outputs obtained by matrix factorization are similar in the low-rank latent label if the latent features are similar. We examine the co-occurrence of global and local label correlation with the constructed latent features and the latent labels. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the classification performance with integrated information is statistically superior over a collection of state-of-the-art approaches across numerous domains. Additionally, the proposed model shows promising performance on multi-label when noisy features and missing labels occur, demonstrating the robustness of multi-label classification.