Objective Although complications and clinical symptoms of COVID-19 have been elucidated, the prevalence of long-term sequelae of COVID-19 is less clear in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This review and meta-analysis present the occurrence of different symptoms up to 1 year of follow-up for previously hospitalized patients. Methods We performed a systematic review from PubMed and Web of Science using keywords such as “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “sequelae”, “long-term effect” and included studies with at least 3-month of follow-up. Meta-analyses using random-effects models were performed to estimate the pooled prevalence for different sequelae. Subgroup analyses were conducted by different follow-up time, regions, age and ICU admission. Results 72 articles were included in the meta-analyses after screening 11,620 articles, identifying a total of 167 sequelae related to COVID-19 from 88,769 patients. Commonly reported sequelae included fatigue (27.5%, 95% CI 22.4–33.3%, range 1.5–84.9%), somnipathy (20.1%, 95% CI 14.7–26.9%, range 1.2–64.8%), anxiety (18.0%, 95% CI 13.8–23.1%, range 0.6–47.8%), dyspnea (15.5%, 95% CI 11.3–20.9%, range 0.8–58.4%), PTSD (14.6%, 95% CI 11.3–18.7%, range 1.2–32.0%), hypomnesia (13.4%, 95% CI 8.4–20.7%, range 0.6–53.8%), arthralgia (12.9%, 95% CI 8.4–19.2%, range 0.0–47.8%), depression (12.7%, 95% CI 9.3–17.2%, range 0.6–37.5%), alopecia (11.2%, 95% CI 6.9–17.6%, range 0.0–47.0%) over 3–13.2 months of follow-up. The prevalence of most symptoms reduced after > 9 months of follow-up, but fatigue and somnipathy persisted in 26.2% and 15.1%, respectively, of the patients over a year. COVID-19 patients from Asia reported a lower prevalence than those from other regions. Conclusions This review identified a wide spectrum of COVID-19 sequelae in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with some symptoms persisting up to 1 year. Management and rehabilitation strategies targeting these symptoms may improve quality of life of recovered patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-022-01862-3.

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Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating mental disease caused by complex genetic and environmental factors. The pathological process and clinical manifestation of SZ are heterogeneous among patients, which hampers precise diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Since no objective marker for SZ has been established today, to identify a subgroup of the patients with homogeneous biochemical traits will provide a new angle for both researchers and clinicians to understand and manage the disease. In this study, we employed the niacin skin-flushing test in Chinese population and confirmed a niacin-blunted subgroup of SZ patients distinguishable from mood disorders (MD) and normal individuals. This subgroup accounted for 30.67% of the total SZ patients with a specificity of 88.37% in male subjects and 83.75% in female subjects. We support the notion that bluntness in niacin skin test might reflect abnormalities in membrane fatty acid composition, which could be induced by increased PLA2 enzyme activity, in vivo oxidative stress or lipid metabolism imbalance in SZ. Further studies are encouraged to clarify the molecular origins of niacin-bluntness in SZ, which would provide extra clues for etiological research in schizophrenia and for new targeted treatment.

ObjectivesTo investigate the network structure of ego depletion and work alienation in Chinese nurses and identify bridge items to provide suggestions to reduce ego depletion and work alienation.MethodsA total of 353 nurses from three hospitals were enrolled in our cross-sectional study by convenience sampling from June to October 2021 in China. They completed an online survey, which included the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Nurses’ Work Alienation Questionnaire, and Self-Regulating Fatigue Scale (SRF-S). The R packages qgraph, networktools, and bootnet were used to estimate the network model and calculate the indices.ResultsThe correlation between ego depletion and work alienation was mainly positive. The correlation between “Sometimes I do not know what to do with the work instructions from my superiors” and “I have difficulties remembering things” was the strongest among the cross-community correlations (r = 0.14). The bridge strength centrality indices of “Sometimes I do not know what to do with the work instructions from my superiors,” “I always feel like a loser” and “I have difficulties remembering things” were the highest (z score = 3.15, 2.83, 1.43). The correlation stability coefficient of the centrality index was larger than 0.25.ConclusionNurses’ ego depletion and work alienation are correlated. “Sometimes I do not know what to do with the work instructions from my superiors,” “I always feel like a loser” and “I have difficulties remembering things” act as bridges between ego depletion and work alienation communities, and should be the focus of nurses’ psychological tests. Our study provides potential targets for interventions to reduce work alienation from the perspective of ego depletion.