At present, there are few systematic studies on carbon emission management of construction projects, which can no longer meet the requirements of carbon emission management of the construction of stadiums for Winter Olympics. This paper, taking a stadium for Winter Olympics as an example, discusses the boundaries, scenario setting and accounting methods of carbon emissions in the construction process. And then, we construct the management model and management system of carbon emissions. In this case, the monitoring and collection of carbon emissions and carbon emission reduction measures will be promoted to efficiently finalize the carbon emission pipes for the construction of Winter Olympics stadiums. The management model, technical measures and management system of carbon emissions suitable for Winter Olympics stadiums developed in this research can be further studied and widely applied to carbon emission management in the construction process of various public buildings.
With the massive distributed photovoltaic resources and multi-load connected to the distribution network, network loss and energy consumption have become two of the most important issues. To solve this problem, an energy conservation and loss reduction optimization strategy for active distribution network (ADN) considering conservation voltage reduction (CVR) is proposed. First, the probability density distribution of photovoltaic resources output prediction error is fitted by the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to simulate the random characteristics of distributed photovoltaics. Second, according to the multiple load types, the load controlled by CVR is modeled, cooperating with the on-load tap changer (OLTC) to achieve energy reduction. Finally, the controllable resources are co-optimized to maintain the voltage level while saving energy. Case studies on the modified IEEE-33 node distribution network verify the applicability of the strategy.
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