Large-scale hydrophilic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared in the presence of citrate and sodium nitrate via a facile method. The Fe3O4 NPs are quite stable and can be freely dispersed in water. The as-prepared magnetic nanoparticle solution can be stable for more than 1 month. The mean diameter of the Fe3O4 NPs can be controlled in the range of ∼20 to ∼40 nm in mean diameter. The NPs show superparamagnetic properties with a relatively high saturation magnetization moment 58 emu/mg at room temperature. Furthermore, a possible formation mechanism is proposed to explain why the magnetic nanoparticles are very well soluble in water.
Monodisperse Au, Ag, and Au3Pd nanoparticles (NPs) with narrow size distribution are prepared by direct reaction of the related metal salt with oleylamine in toluene. Oleylamine serves as both a reducing agent and a surfactant in the synthesis. The sizes and shape of these NPs are tuned by reaction temperatures. The hydrophobic oleylamine-coated NPs can be made water soluble by replacing oleylamine with 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Both surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) observed from the Au and Ag NPs are found to be NP size- and surface-dependent.
Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic properties of chemically-modified graphene have been achieved in larger-area vertically aligned few-layer graphene nanosheets (FLGs), prepared on Si (111) substrate by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). Furthermore, in order to enhance wettability, silicon wafers with microstructures were fabricated, on which graphene nanosheets were grown and modified by a chemical method to form hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures. A superhydrophilic graphene surface (contact angle 0°) and a superhydrophobic graphene surface (contact angle 152.0°) were obtained. The results indicate that the microstructured silicon enhances the hydrophilic and hydrophobic wettabilities significantly.
A seed-mediated method was employed here for CTAB-assisted gold nanoparticle growth. 3-4 nm silver aqueous colloid was stabilized by sodium citrate and used as seed solution to initial gold particle growth. The concentration of seed solution was calculated based on its relationship with silver atom concentration and seed particle statistical mean volume. It was found that there is a maximum seed concentration of 8.57 × 10 −12 M (∼25 μl 0.343 × 10 −8 M seed solution added) in 10 ml 2.5 × 10 −4 M HAuCl 4 growth solution for growth of rodlike particles. Below this seed amount, the aspect ratio of nanorods could be controlled by varying the silver seed amount, i.e. nanorods with aspect ratio ∼18.9 were obtained when the seed concentration in the growth solution was 0.343 × 10 −12 M by adding 1 μl 0.343 × 10 −8 M silver seed solution and nanorods with aspect ratio ∼9.69 were obtained when the seed concentration in the growth solution was 1.715 × 10 −12 M by adding 5 μl 0.343 × 10 −8 M silver seed solution. As the seed concentration in the growth solution was more than 8.58 × 10 −12 M (25 μl 0.343 × 10 −8 M silver seed solution was added), there were no rodlike particles formed but spherical ones instead. These spheres were further studied by TEM and found to all be hollow structures. It was suggested that there were probably two different nucleation processes for growth of nanorods and spheres. For hollow spheres, the reaction between Ag seeds and Au ions formed hollow structures based on the Ag particle template effect. Then further growth of Au on these hollow structures produced hollow gold nanospheres. For nanorods, due to the very low concentration of silver seed (molar ratio of Ag seed: Au = 3.426 × 10 −8), the growth process here probably was started by silver-induced Au nucleation, in which reduction of gold ions by silver resulted in small gold clusters. These gold clusters further grew up into nanoparticles and nanorods in the presence of CTAB. S Supplementary data are available from stacks.
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