No abstract

Test cases are often similar. A preliminary study of eight open-source projects found that on average at least 8 % of all test cases are clones; the maximum found was 42 %. The clones are not identical with their originals -identifiers of classes, methods, attributes and sometimes even order of statements and assertions differ. But the test cases reuse testing logic and are needed for testing. They serve a purpose and cannot be eliminated.We present an approach that generates useful test clones automatically, thereby eliminating some of the "grunt" work of testing. An important advantage over existing automated test case generators is that the clones include the test oracle. Hence, a human decision maker is often not needed to determine whether the output of a test is correct.The approach hinges on pairs of classes that provide analogous functionality, i.e., functions that are tested with the same logic. TestCloner transcribes tests involving analogous functions from one class to the other. Programmers merely need to indicate which methods are analogs. Automatic detection of analogs is currently under investigation. Preliminary results indicate a significant reduction in the number of "boilerplate" tests that need to be written by hand. The transcribed tests do detect defects and can provide hints about missing functionality.

Textual specifications and domain models change during development and need to be kept consistent. However, in practice the cost of maintaining consistency is too high. Stakeholders need to be informed about model changes in natural language, software architects need to see the impact of specification changes on their models. Our Requirements Engineering Feedback System (REFS) automates the process of keeping specification and models consistent when the models change. Also, it can assess the impact of specification changes.