The use of L casei rhamnosus was as effective as neomycin in preventing cholangitis in patients with BA who underwent Kasai operation, and therefore could be considered as a potential alternative prophylactic regimen.

We reported two cases of recurrent meningitis and both of them had Mondini dysplasia, which provides a link between the brain and inner ear and is associated with cerebrospinal fluid, otorrhea/rhinorrhea, hearing impairment, and recurrent meningitis. Patients who have hearing impairment and recurrent meningitis should be evaluated for the possibility of this congenital dysplasia, and early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention may prevent further episodes.

No abstract