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Objective. To identify factors associated with increased proportion of early gastric cancer to total detected gastric cancer among patients undergoing diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Methods. A nationwide survey was conducted across 6 central-type and 6 municipal-type Vietnamese hospitals. A questionnaire regarding annual esophagogastroduodenoscopy volume, esophagogastroduodenoscopy preparation, the use of image-enhanced endoscopy, and number of gastric cancer diagnosed in 2018 was sent to each hospital. Results. The total proportion of early gastric cancer was 4.0% (115/2857). Routine preparation with simethicone and the use of image-enhanced endoscopy were associated with higher proportion of early gastric cancer (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.2, p=0.016; OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8–4.0, p<0.001, respectively). Esophagogastroduodenoscopies performed at central-type hospitals were associated with higher proportion of early gastric cancer (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.2, p=0.017). Esophagogastroduodenoscopies performed at hospitals with an annual volume of 30.000–60.000 were associated with higher proportion of early gastric cancer than those performed at hospitals with an annual volume of 10.000-<30.000 (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6–4.8, p<0.001) and with a volume of >60.000–100.000 (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.7–4.2, p<0.001). Only four (33.3%) hospitals reported all endoscopic types of early gastric cancer. Conclusions. The detection of early gastric cancer is still challenging even for endoscopists working in regions with relatively high prevalence. The real-world evidence showed that endoscopic detection of early gastric cancer could potentially improve with simple adjustments of esophagogastroduodenoscopy protocols.

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The purpose of this study is to verify the feasibility of using an infrared camera to measure the surface temperature and then estimate the core body temperature of pigs under various infrared sources. We first conducted experiments with pig-body temperature measurement by an infrared camera. Then we have tried to increase the accuracy rate in estimating the core body temperature of pigs by measuring the temperature of moving pixels. We concluded that the relation between the core body temperature and the estimated pig-body temperature was y = 1.0392x−0.6621 with no static infrared source in the field view of infrared camera. With the existence of heat lamps in the field of view of the infrared camera, the relation was y = 1.0248x − 0.0921. With both the root mean square error and the mean absolute error lower than 1.12 ◦C, the experimental simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective in fast and non-contact evaluation of pigbody temperature under various infrared sources.