This research is aimed to examine, both simultaneously and partially, the influence of ROA and FDR on the rate of profit sharing of mudharabah deposits on Islamic Banks that were listed at the Bank of Indonesia from the year of 2008 until 2012. There were 35 observations that qualify as research samples which were choosen by using purposive sampling method and unbalanced pooled data. Type of data used in this research were secondary data, from the banks' annual report that was published in the banks' official website. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis.This research found (1) ROA and FDR simultaneously influence the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits (2) partially, ROA did not influence the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits (3) partially, FDR did not influence the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits Keywords: Return on Asset (ROA), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Profit SharingRate of Mudharabah Deposits PendahuluanTingkat bagi hasil merupakan salah satu hal penting yang harus diperhatikan oleh bank syariah untuk meningkatkan kepuasan dan menarik nasabah. Nasabah penyimpan dana akan selalu mempertimbangkan tingkat imbalan yang diperoleh dalam melakukan investasi pada bank syariah. UU (Undang-Undang) No.7 tahun 1992 (yang telah diubah menjadi UU No. 10 tahun 1998) tentang Perbankan memberi kebebasan kepada bank dalam penentuan jenis imbalan yang akan diberikan kepada nasabah, baik berupa bunga ataupun keuntungan bagi hasil.Berdasarkan teori yang dikemukakan oleh Antonio (2001), besar kecilnya bagi hasil yang diperoleh pada kontrak mudharabah salah satunya bergantung pada pendapatan bank. Rasio yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur pendapatan bank adalah rasio profitabilitas yaitu ROA (Return on Asset). Selain ROA, tinggi dan rendahnya tingkat bagi hasil deposito mudharabah tidak terlepas dari besarnya tingkat pembiayaan yang disalurkan yang dapat dilihat dari tingkat FDR perbankan syariah.Menurut Mawardi (2005), faktor yang menjadi sumber pendapatan adalah aset produktif dalam bentuk pembiayaan (earning assets). Semakin banyak dana yang bisa disalurkan dalam pembiayaan berarti semakin tinggi earning asset, artinya dana-dana yang dihimpun dari masyarakat dapat disalurkan kepada pembiayaan yang produktif, hal ini tercermin dari tingkat FDR (Financing to Deposit Ratio) bank. Disamping itu, bila rasio
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