Background Even though most sub-Saharan Africa adopted the World Health organization guidelines for malaria prevention, the coverage of insecticide-treated nets by pregnant women is low, where 28 million pregnant women did not receive insecticide-treated nets services. Likewise, only 13–51.4% of pregnant women utilize insecticide-treated nets in Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Miesso woreda from April 01 to 30, 2017, among 424 pregnant women. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured interviewer-based administered questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with insecticide-treated nets utilization. Adjusted odds ratios along 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association and declared statistical significance at a p-value < 0.05. Results Of a total respondents, 39.9% (95% CI: 34.9–44.2%) utilize insecticide-treated nets. Pregnant women from rural (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.38), employed women (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.86), monthly income >1050 Ethiopian total birr (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.84), third trimester pregnancy (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.40), and having antenatal care for current pregnancy (AOR = 3.86, 95% CI: 1.63, 9.10) were factors significantly associated with insecticide-treated nets. Conclusion The utilization of insecticide-treated nets is relatively low. Residence, occupational status, monthly income, stage of pregnancy, and antenatal care status were factors significantly associated with insecticide-treated net utilization among pregnant women.

Introduction Worldwide, congenital heart disease is the principal heart disease in children and constitutes one of the major causes of infant mortality, particularly in developing countries. Infants and children with congenital heart disease exhibit a range of delays in weight gain and growth. In some instances, the delay can be relatively mild, whereas in other cases, cause the failure to thrive. Objectives To determine the nutritional status and associated factors of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Material and method A cross sectional analytical study conducted over a period of 6 months (Feb to Jul 2020). A total of 228 subjects with congenital heart disease who visited the cardiac center during the study period where included until the calculated sample size attained. Data is collected from patient’s card and their care giver. Data was then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 25.0. Odds Ratio with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to determine the effect of the independent variables on the outcome variable and P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 228 children ranging from 3month to 17yrs of age with mean age of 4.7 years (SD = 3.8 years) were included in the study. Most of the subjects had acyanotic heart disease accounting for 87.7%. The overall prevalence of wasting, underweight and stunting were 41.3%, 49.1% and 43% respectively. Children with congenital heart disease and having pulmonary hypertension, were found more likely to develop wasting compared to those without pulmonary hypertension with an odds of 1.9 (95% CI: 1.0–3.4) and also have greater chance of stunting with an odds of 1.9 (95% CI: 1.0–3.4). Children 5 to 10 years of age were 2.3 times more likely to be underweight. Conclusion Malnutrition is a major problem in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Pulmonary hypertension and older age are associated with increased risk of undernutrition.

Wheat is the most important cereal crop ranking 4th in total grain production and area coverage in Ethiopia. However, its productivity is low compared to the yield obtained under the research station. Multinutrient deficiency, low/no chemical fertilizer usage, and poor management practices are among the major constraints. Thus, response of bread wheat to NPS and K fertilizer rates was evaluated in the nitisols at Kokate, Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia, in 2016. Four rates of KCl (0-0-60) (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg·ha−1) and five blended NPS (19N-38P2O5-7S) rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg·ha−1) were investigated using randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement involving three replications. Soil physical and chemical properties, crop phenology, growth parameters, yield components, and yield data were collected. Analysis of variance showed that crop phenology, productive tillers, and straw yield were significantly affected by KCl and NPS fertilizer rates; however, most of growth parameters, yield components, grain yield, and agronomic efficiency were influenced by the interaction effects of KCl and NPS fertilizers. Combined application of 50 kg·ha−1 KCl and 150 kg·ha−1 NPS resulted in highest growth, yield component, grain yield, agronomic efficiency, and economic return, whereas the lowest measured values were recorded from unfertilized plots. The maximum grain yield (4.34 t ha−1) that was recorded from 50 kg·ha−1 KCl and 150 kg·ha−1 NPS was 8.86-fold higher than the minimum yield (0.44 t ha−1) from the control. It is concluded that 50 kg·ha−1 KCl and 150 kg·ha−1 NPS are suggested for better agronomic and economic performance of wheat. As NPS was tested in the blended form, the individual and interaction effects of nutrients under investigation are suggested as future research areas. Additional investigation over season and location is also recommended.

The main objective of this study is to determine factors affecting access to credit among small scale irrigation user farmers. The study used both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through structured interview questionnaire from 329 irrigation user farmers from two kebeles. The sample households selected by using multistage random sampling method. Logistic regression method is applied to examine factors that affect access to credit. Based on the econometrics estimation result, cost of irrigation technology, households attitude towards risk (risk), income from irrigation, lending procedures, repayment period, age of the household (age) and livestock ownership were important factors influencing smallholder farmers access to formal credit in the study area.

Background: Hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis are commonly encountered during and after cardiac surgery. Hyperlactatemia is highly suggestive of tissue ischemia and is associated with a prolonged intensive care unit stay, a prolonged requirement for respiratory and cardiovascular support, and increased postoperative mortality. Objective: To assess hyperlactatemia and adverse outcomes among patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery at Cardiac Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.Method: An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was employed among all patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery from December to January 2020. Blood lactate samples were collected intraoperatively and postoperatively. We entered the collected data into Epidata version 4.2 and export it to SPSS 25 for analysis. We did descriptive statistics for categorical and continuous variables and chi-square to show an association between the outcome variable and independent variables. We entered variables fitted in bivariate analysis into multivariable analysis to show the strength of the association and the statistically significant variable.Result: The prevalence of hyperlactatemia in this study among patients who underwent cardiac surgery procedures at Cardiac Center Ethiopia was 37.5 %. A rise in lactate level prolongs ICU stay, prolongs intubation duration, and increases the need for Inotropes support. Lactate level was measured on the immediate postoperative day within 10 hours after the surgery and was defined as lactate level > 3 mmol/L in the first hour after surgery. Age > 40 years [AOR: 6.8 (95% CI 1.7-25), P=<0.008]. female gender [AOR: 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.8), P=0.048]. Variables statistically significant were declared at 95 % CI, p-value < 0.05.Conclusion and Recommended: An early rise in lactate levels in patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is a strong and robust predictor of morbidity. As a result, screening of patients in the preoperative period and strict follow-up management of those factors is recommended.