Sustainable development, as a conceptual phrase that encompasses the struggle of endangered humanity for salvation, appeared at the end of the 20th century, ie. at a time when the world is facing a multitude of existential threats posed by man's own negligence towards nature and himself. These threats include the caused natural deformations of the climate and the environment, on the one hand, and mutual destructive national interests of exploitative and existential character (war, terrorist, hegemonic, migrant, etc.), on the other hand. In this context, sustainable development is reduced to the possible development of society in all areas, which can last indefinitely, as well as be replaced by new development that has the same characteristics. That is why the United Nations (UN) and other major world organizations in recent years have agendas, resolutions, conventions and the like. began the struggle for the frontal world introduction of saving sustainable development. However, this largest and most complex world endeavor has just begun, and in order to be successful, it needs to be adequately systematized and organized - which needs to be resolved quickly. In such a current world reality, a very important role is played by political and professional factors that should achieve sustainable development at all levels. There is very little talk about that in the current scientific literature, so it is necessary to elaborate on the scientific-professional factor as more complex than the political one, which is what this scientific paper deals with. For its preparation, an appropriately prepared internal research project was used, in which all ideological factors (problem, subject, goals, hypotheses and research methods) were defined - with a brief overview of Serbia as an example of sustainable development. Accordingly, in this scientific paper, several important scientific information has been identified, especially related to the profile, role and organization of experts in sustainable development, as a scientific and professional factor in that.

REZIME: Naučna istraživanja se koriste metodama i tehnikama koje doprinose da se sa naučnog stanovišta sagledaju pojedine pojave, odrede ciljevi i rezultati istraživanja. Postignuti naučni rezultati u osnovi su bili uzrokovani korišćenjem identifikovanih naučnih metoda i intelektualnom snagom samih naučnika. U tome, s obzirom na univerzalni obuhvat nauke, konstatovane su određene razlike u korišćenju naučnih metoda u istraživa-nju određenih oblasti (priroda, društvo, njihove interne podele i sl.). Ove razlike su nedovoljno proučene, što negativno utiče na objektivnost i kvalitet naučnih saznanja.Upravo iz tih razloga, ovaj rad se bavi pitanjem razlika u korišćenju naučih metoda u celini nauke i u ekonomiji, sa ciljem da se time doprinese razvoju teorije i prakse društvenih istraživanja.Ključne reči: naučne metode, opšta istraživanja, društvena istraživanja, razlike, proces istraživanja.

National leadership as a segment of general leadership belongs to the social science of management that deals with the law of political guidance of given countries, particularly including the revealed causality of the result analogy in the country's development and the ruling competencies of its leader. That is why, according to general implications, such causality is very important both to the given country and to the overall present and future world. That segment of science has not been thoroughly researched to date because it seems to be clear and therefore should not be studied in further detail. However, in today's turbulent world, full of huge existential problems (war, terrorist, pandemic, migrant etc.), they can be resolved only by restorative sustainable development, where a substantial role is played by national leaders whose success needs to be examined. Accordingly, the chosen subject of this scientific paper is the study of the ruling success of national leaders, with the aim of contributing both to their efficiency in guiding their own countries and to the resolution of the abovementioned world problems. In that context it should be emphasized that this theoretical research has used a suitable research project in the application of which important new scientific findings have been made about the correlation of political competencies of national leaders and the results achieved in their respective countries.

In today's turbulent world faced with growing number of threats and challenges on an ever larger scale, it is becoming evident that a way out should be sought in the development and application of science and profession, because only their results can stabilise the world. However, in the current processes of scientific and professional research, various barriers are encountered, primarily related to insufficient methodological elaboration of connections and relations between scientific and professional research, the end results of which reduce the quality and efficiency of these two most important agents of development. For these reasons, the study of the relationship between the processes of scientific and professional research, in which a mutual analogy has already been noticed but not further developed, has been chosen as the subject of the present scientific paper. To be more specific, in a small number of scientific papers published recently, the mentioned analogy has been observed without its deeper study and exactly there important possibilities for raising efficiency of both science and profession are hidden. Therefore, the subject of this paper is the study that led to a more complete identification of the mentioned analogy, with the implicit projection of its application in scientific and professional research.

Local development planning (i.e. development planning of municipalities and cities) in all countries has always played an important social role. For this reason, in the last couple of decades, this area is regulated by adequate national laws, which differ in many ways due to insufficiently developed scientifically based local development theory. According to this, in the presently constituted first vision of the theory, two local planning systems were identified. The first system with a long tradition is called a partial system since the state with its development interests is exclusively responsible for all local and overall social development in a certain country. The second, new system, is called an integrated system and in it, both state and the most influential social forces, which have fought hard for such a role, participate together as partners. The integrated system has numerous advantages when compared to the partial system of local planning and is therefore, especially in developed countries, the reason for switching from partial to integrated system. This scientific paper has been created to support this, especially because of the insufficiently developed local planning theory, with the goal to contribute to the development of the local integrated development systems and the projection of its general implications on the local government, its nation state as well as the international community. In this paper, adequate research methods, primarily integrated, were used and the obtained results imply that when using this system, positive fundamental social changes are caused, which, especially in the less developed countries, facilitate faster and more efficient catching up with the developed countries.