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Islamic Financial Institution is considered Halal and Shariah-compliant institution that effectively developed and impacted the role of developing Small Medium Enterprises by sharing similar value, principle, and market activities under Shariah-compliant and business sector. Despite its similarities, there is still low penetration of Islamic financial institutions on the Halal business instrument. However, the business should not only concentrate on Halal business but also financing SMEs is essential. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of Islamic Financial Institutions on the development of Halal SMEs in Nigeria. A 350 survey questionnaire was distributed to the twenty (20) Halal Small Medium Enterprises using Structural Equation Modelling and random sampling as an essential investigation tool. The findings justified that the development of SMEs with a significant number of business units and financing from Islamic financial institutions indicates a positive direction and promotes the development of SMEs ' relatively and broader representation of the Halal industry. The study shows a general overview of the positive impact on Islamic financial institutions towards the financing Halal sector and addresses the rate of unemployment in Nigeria. The study recommends strategies for creating a partnership with Middle-East and Asian investors for more effective models and application techniques for financing SMEs and addresses the rate of poverty and unemployment in the country.

<p>The objective of this paper is to assess the causes of financial exclusion in northern Nigeria, including the reason and causes behind the accessibility to banking services at a competitive and affordable prices. The study adopted Confirmatory Factor Analysis under Structural Equation Modeling using vulnerable group theory (Religiosity and Poverty) and financial literacy theory (Awareness). In this study, the survey method was used, additionally, the stratified sampling technique is applied as it provides richness and accuracy of information from respondents from various stratums. The participants comprised senior, middle and lower classes for the study justification. The finding indicates the positive relationship between Vulnerable Group Theory and Financial Exclusion while Financial Literacy Theory has no relationship as indicated. Therefore, the vulnerability which is consists of Religiosity and Poverty drive as the major causes of Financial Exclusion in Nigeria. The research provided insights and developed a model that indicates the causes of financial exclusion and apparent barriers to better financial services and inclusion in the community and society.  This study's originality shows that have not used such vulnerable group theory and financial literacy theory for justification.</p>

The purpose of this study is to explore the level of financial exclusion in North-East Nigeria and determine the reasons and barriers behind the huge percentage of financial exclusion. The contemporary Islamic bank is considered as a solution to tackle financial exclusion. The paper uses a quantitative approach in which 2500 questionnaires were distributed out of which 2352 were received back from the respondents. The data was gathered and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling, and descriptive, correlation and regression analyses. The findings revealed that awareness, literacy, and religiosity are considered as the key barriers to financial exclusion and the need of Islamic banks with Shariah-compliant products is highly felt to address religious motivation in North East Nigeria. Since Islamic banks are compliant with Shariah principles, the Nigerian government should facilitate the creation of more Islamic banks to tackle financial exclusion.

Purpose This study developed a model for the mediation role of satisfaction on Jaiz bank products and services as an alternative way of improving customer’s subjective experiences of banking in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopted structural equation modelling’s confirmatory factory analysis with three-factor theory. Composite reliability, average variance extracted and discriminant validity were used to test the validity and reliability of data collected from a sample of 345 participants comprising senior, middle and lower-income earners. Also, descriptive statistics and independent analysis of variance were used for the analyses. Findings This paper provides insights into how Jaiz bank products and services will significantly improved the social lifestyle of Nigeria. Findings also indicates how context-specific Islamic bank products and services are embedded in the social ordering of communities in Nigeria and thus facilitate a more satisfactory and productive experience of customers. Practical implications Findings from the study provide insight and inform managers in making an informed decision on the products and services offered to a section of the popular, where strategic and analytical insights could strengthen different segments of the banking system in Nigeria. This study emphasises the significance of Islamic banking within the specific context of Nigeria, and also has an obvious theory and management implications. Originality/value It is hard to find a research paper discussing the mediation role of customer’s satisfaction on Jaiz bank products and services in improving the social lifestyle of Nigerians. This study provides a model that can be adopted in analysing products and services of Islamic banks based on customer’s satisfaction.