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Seismic footstep detection-based systems are very important for various homeland security and military applications. Their performance and usefulness strongly depends on the characteristics of the seismic sensors. Unfortunately, currently available seismic sensors do not provide in satisfactory results. This paper describes the main issues of using seismic sensors for detection purposes and shows the key disadvantages of the most popular commercial seismic sensors/geophones. According to our results, the following are the key issues of poor seismic sensor performance:• Poor response to low frequency signals, leading to decrease of the detection range of targets • Unsatisfactory sensitivity threshold, causing missing low level seismic signals from outlying targets • Long damping signal time and corresponding low accuracy response, leading to problems with outlying target detection in high level noise environments • Low noise immunity from electromagnetic interference making seismic sensor operation in radar installation areas unreliable • Relatively bulky size and high price, which prevents extensive use of seismic sensorsIn addition, we have formulated objective requirements for seismic sensors to be used in defense and security applications.

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General Sensing Systems (GSS) has achieved outstanding and verifiable results in the design and performance of seismic systems with near zero false alarm rates for the detection of walking and running persons. These results were realized in a number of detection systems and in particular in small size seismic detection modules. Preliminary testing of these seismic modules in various environment noise conditions shows that such small unattended modules can be successfully used for other target detection. Potential target sets can include light and heavy vehicles, helicopters, aircraft, and ships. This paper describes preliminary results of such target detection and preliminary experimental data about corresponding detection range. We show that the new unattended, small size detection module demonstrates reliable performance in various environment conditions.