The anomalous adsorbate dynamics at surfaces in porous media studied by nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The orientational structure factor and Lévy walks J. Chem. Phys. 109, 6929 (1998) Recent years have seen significant progress in the NMR study of porous media from natural and industrial sources and of cultural significance such as paintings. This paper provides a brief outline of the recent technical development of NMR in this area. These advances are relevant for broad NMR applications in material characterization.

SUMMARYIn situ dewatering of iron ore deposits is essential for safe and efficient mining operations, as well as reducing requirements for subsequent moisture removal for processing and transportation. Evaluating porosity, residual moisture content, and hydraulic conductivity is key to designing effective dewatering schemes.Modern borehole magnetic resonance has been used in the oil and gas industry for over twenty years to provide continuous evaluation of porosity, bound and free fluid volumes, and permeability. As such, it is uniquely suited to provide subsurface characterisation data for dewatering scheme design. However, applying these methods in iron ore settings introduces complications that are not observed in typical oil and gas environments due to the high concentrations of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic iron-containing compounds making up the ores. This requires explicitly accounting for the impact of these compounds on surface and diffusional relaxation when estimating fluid volumes and permeability from magnetic resonance measurements.Development of robust methods for accommodating these effects would allow for practical application of borehole magnetic resonance measurements in iron ore settings, providing continuous and cost effective hydrogeological characterisation.

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Hydraulic behaviour of an aquifer is defined in terms of the volumes of water present, both producible and not (specific yield and specific retention), and the productivity of the water (hydraulic conductivity). These parameters are typically evaluated using pumping tests, which provide zonal average properties, or more rarely on core samples, which provide discrete point measurements. Both methods can be costly and time-consuming, potentially limiting the amount of characterisation that can be conducted on a given project, and a significant measurement scale difference exists between the two. Borehole magnetic resonance has been applied in the oil and gas industry for the evaluation of bound and free fluid volumes, analogous to specific retention and specific yield, and permeability, analogous to hydraulic conductivity, for over twenty years. These quantities are evaluated continuously, allowing for cost-effective characterisation, and at a measurement scale that is intermediate between that of core and pumping tests, providing a convenient framework for the integration of all measurements. The role of borehole magnetic resonance measurements in hydrogeological characterisation is illustrated as part of a larger hydrogeological study of a coal measures unit and associated overburden. Borehole magnetic resonance has been used for aquifer and aquitard identification, and to provide continuous estimates of hydraulic properties. These results have been compared and reconciled with pumping test and core data, considering the scale differences between measurements. Finally, an integrated hydrogeological description of the target rock units has been developed.

A case history from Offshore Israel is presented that describes the successful delivery of five (5) ultra high-rate gas wells (+250 MMscf/D) completed in a significant (10 TCF) gas field with 7 in. production tubing and an Open-Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP). Maximizing gas off-take rates from a gas reservoir with high flow capacity (kh) requires large internal diameter (ID) tubing coupled with efficient sand face completions. When sand control is required, the OHGP offers the most efficient as well as the most reliable, long-term track record of performance. A global study of ultra high-rate gas wells was made to select and finalize the design concept after which the commensurate engineering rigor was applied. This paper will highlight key accomplishments within various phases of a completion delivery process for critical wells. The completions were installed with minimal operational issues (Average NPT 4%). Production commenced on March 31, 2013 without incident thus far. Each well is designed for production rates in excees of 250 MMscf/D. SPE 166368 Project Statement of RequirementsGeneral. The Tamar field is the only local source of natural gas to Israel, a country with a total population of ~7.9 million people. With five (5) wells producing from the Tamar field, each well is required to provide gas to ~1.6 million people, roughly the population of the U.S. state of Hawaii. With so many people depending on each Tamar well, delivering wells with the highest reliability and longevity became the key goal of the basis of design and all subsequent decision making. Phase I of the Tamar project was designed for a maximum flow rate through the subsea system and the platform of 1200 MMscf/D. To meet this flow rate, five (5) wells capable of producing 250 MMscf/D each were required with the completions to be finished by year end 2012. To ensure the wells were cleaned up and had the necessary productivity to meet Phase I deliverables, it was required to unload and produce the wells up to 120 MMscf/D to the drilling rig immediately following the completion.Key Project Deliverables. Drill and complete five (5) wells each capable of safely and reliably producing gas at rates of up to +250 MMscf/D for 25 years. Completion Guiding PrinciplesA set of completion key performance indicators (Table 1) and guiding principles ( Table 2) were developed to guide the decision making process for the completion design. These principles were largely based on learnings from other successful high-rate gas well developments and the key project deliverables defined above.