Gödel’s ontological proof is by now well known based on the 1970 version, written in Gödel’s own hand, and Scott’s version of the proof. In this article new manuscript sources found in Gödel’s Nachlass are presented. Three versions of Gödel’s ontological proof have been transcribed, and completed from context as true to Gödel’s notes as possible. The discussion in this article is based on these new sources and reveals Gödel’s early intentions of a liberal comprehension principle for the higher order modal logic, an explicit use of second-order Barcan schemas, as well as seemingly defining a rigidity condition for the system. None of these aspects occurs explicitly in the later 1970 version, and therefore they have long been in focus of the debate on Gödel’s ontological proof.
Diese Reihe, begonnen bei Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, wird im Springer-Verlag fortgesetzt. Der Wiener Kreis, eine Gruppe von rund drei Dutzend Wissenschaft-lerInnen aus den Bereichen der Philosophie, Logik, Mathematik, Natur-und Sozialwissenschaften im Wien der Zwischenkriegszeit, zählt unbestritten zu den bedeutendsten und einflußreichsten philosophischen Strömungen des 20. Jahrhunderts, speziell als Wegbereiter der (sprach)analytischen Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie. Die dem Wiener Kreis nahestehenden Persönlichkeiten haben bis heute nichts von ihrer Ausstrahlung und Bedeutung für die moderne Philosophie und Wissenschaft verloren: Schlick, Carnap, Neurath, Kraft, Gödel, Zilsel, Kaufmann, von Mises, Reichenbach, Wittgenstein, Popper, Gomperzum nur einige zu nennen -zählen heute unbestritten zu den großen Denkern unseres Jahrhunderts. Gemeinsames Ziel dieses Diskussionszirkels war eine Verwissenschaftlichung der Philosophie mit Hilfe der modernen Logik auf der Basis von Alltagserfahrung und einzelwissenschaftlicher Emperie. Aber während ihre Ideen im Ausland breite Bedeutung gewannen, wurden sie in ihrer Heimat aus sogenannten "rassischen" und/oder politisch-weltanschaulichen Gründen verdrängt und blieben hier oft auch nach 1945 in Vergessenheit. Diese Reihe hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, diese DenkerInnen und ihren Einfluß wieder ins öffentliche Bewußtsein des deutschsprachigen Raumes zurückzuholen und im aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Diskurs zu präsentieren.
In 1935/36 Kurt Gödel wrote three notebooks on the foundations of quantum mechanics, which have now been entirely transcribed for the first time. Whereas a lot of the material is rather technical in character, many of Gödel's remarks have a philosophical background and concentrate on Leibnizian monadology as well as on vitalism. Obviously influenced by the vitalistic writings of Hans Driesch and his 'proofs' for the existence of an entelechy in every living organism, Gödel briefly develops the idea of a computing machine which closely resembles Turing's groundbreaking conception. After introducing the notebooks on quantum mechanics, this article describes Gödel's vitalistic Weltbild and the ideas leading to the development of his computing machine. It investigates a notion of lawlike sequence which closely resembles Turing's concept of a computable number and which Gödel himself calls 'problematic', and compares it to the opposed concept of randomness, drawing upon the notion of program size complexity. Finally, Gödel's machine is implemented in a dialect of the Lisp programming language.
This paper collects and presents unpublished notes of Kurt Gödel concerning the field of many-valued logic. In order to get a picture as complete as possible, both formal and philosophical notes, transcribed from the Gabelsberger shorthand system, are included.
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