White spot lesions (WSL) and incipient caries on enamel surfaces are the earliest clinical outcomes for demineralization and caries. If left untreated, the caries can progress and may cause complex restorative procedures or even tooth extraction which destroys soft and hard tissue architecture as a consequence of connective tissue and bone loss. Current clinical practices are insufficient in treating dental caries. A long-standing practical challenge associated with demineralization related to dental diseases is incorporating a functional mineral microlayer which is fully integrated into the molecular structure of the tooth in repairing damaged enamel. This study demonstrates that small peptide domains derived from native protein amelogenin can be utilized to construct a mineral layer on damaged human enamel in vitro. Six groups were prepared to carry out remineralization on artificially created lesions on enamel: (1) no treatment, (2) Ca2+ and PO4 3– only, (3) 1100 ppm fluoride (F), (4) 20 000 ppm F, (5) 1100 ppm F and peptide, and (6) peptide alone. While the 1100 ppm F sample (indicative of common F content of toothpaste for homecare) did not deliver F to the thinly deposited mineral layer, high F test sample (indicative of clinical varnish treatment) formed mainly CaF2 nanoparticles on the surface. Fluoride, however, was deposited in the presence of the peptide, which also formed a thin mineral layer which was partially crystallized as fluorapatite. Among the test groups, only the peptide-alone sample resulted in remineralization of fairly thick (10 μm) dense mineralized layer containing HAp mineral, resembling the structure of the healthy enamel. The newly formed mineralized layer exhibited integration with the underlying enamel as evident by cross-sectional imaging. The peptide-guided remineralization approach sets the foundation for future development of biomimetic products and treatments for dental health care.

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) associated with ameloblastoma is an exceedingly rare histologic presentation with no known clinical significance or treatment applications. Four cases have been reported, three in the mandible and one in the maxilla. The age range is 14-65 and with male predilection. All four presented with swellings and two with pain. We add one more case to the literature of a 58-year old male presenting with an expansile multilocular radiolucency between teeth #19-23. The ameloblastomatous changes in this case are consistent with those of a unicystic ameloblastoma-mural subtype. Although the histologic changes are those of a unicystic ameloblastoma, the clinical and radiographic findings are not. This case therefore presents a clinical challenge with regards to treatment planning for recurrence and prognosis. We conclude that treatment for GOC therefore be based on individual clinical presentation. Key words:Glandular odontogenic cyst, GOC, ameloblastoma, unicystic ameloblastoma, mural unicystic ameloblastoma.

BackgroundHemangiomas of the soft tissue are common in the head and neck area, especially in the tongue and in children under ten years of age. Intraosseous hemangiomas of the mandible and maxilla (IHM), on the other hand, are exceedingly rare and are not well characterized. This study presents six IHM cases focusing on the clinical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics.Material and MethodsSix cases of IHM were retrieved from the archives of the Biopsy Services at the University of Washington. Clinical, radiologic, and histologic findings are described.ResultsA total of six cases of IHM were reviewed. The patient age range was 16 to 65; the group comprised three females and three males. All six cases presented as swellings, two caused tooth resorption, and one was associated with pain and numbness. Three of the six IHM were present in the body of the mandible, two in the area of the extracted right mandibular third molar, and one in the anterior maxilla between the right canine and lateral incisor. Radiographically, five were radiolucent and one was radiopaque. Of the five radiolucent, two were unilocular and three multilocular. The one radiopaque case was exophytic, simulating a large osteoma. Histologic features ranged from cavernous to a mix of venous and arterial types. Follow-up is available for all six cases ranging between one to seven years; only one case recurred within the first year post-surgery.ConclusionsIHM are exceedingly rare; IHM do not present in a consistent manner both clinically and radiographically. It is therefore important to recognize the wide spectrum of IHM’s clinical, radiographic, and histological presentations. Key words:Hemangioma, Vascular Malformation, mandible, maxilla.

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) associated with ameloblastoma is an exceedingly rare histologic presentation with no known clinical significance or treatment applications. Four cases have been reported, three in the mandible and one in the maxilla. The age range is 14-65 and with male predilection. All four presented with swellings and two with pain. We add one more case to the literature of a 58-year old male presenting with an expansile multilocular radiolucency between teeth #19-23. The ameloblastomatous changes in this case are consistent with those of a unicystic ameloblastoma-mural subtype. Although the histologic changes are those of a unicystic ameloblastoma, the clinical and radiographic findings are not. This case therefore presents a clinical challenge with regards to treatment planning for recurrence and prognosis. We conclude that treatment for GOC therefore be based on individual clinical presentation.

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