ICT increases access, enhances efficiency and improves quality in education. Kenya recommended the use of the ICT infrastructure in teaching and learning in secondary schools. However, studies show that adoption rate has been very low in comparison to global demands... The study sought to investigate the state of ICT infrastructure in teaching and learning in Kenyan secondary schools. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Questionnaires, interviews and observation schedules were used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics in form of frequencies and percentages were used to analyze data. The study established that most schools have low investment in ICT infrastructure due to high costs of computer hardware, software and related accessories. The use of ICT infrastructure has necessitated the need for development of new skills and competencies among teachers, school heads and learners. Therefore, there is need for all stakeholders to address all the challenges that hinder use of ICT in teaching and learning so as the schools cannot lag behind since the process is in its initial stages.

Teachers’ ICT implementation is of growing importance in classrooms; currently, technology has become an essential ingredient of teachers’ practice. The study explores the implication of teachers’ competencies on ICT implementation in universities. The empirical literature has established a considerable research gap despite teachers’ competencies being critical in ICT implementation. The study presents a university survey in Kenya on 475 teachers exploring the implication of teachers’ ICT competencies on ICT implementation and teachers’ skills and knowledge. The descriptive statistics results indicated a mean of 4.279 and a Spearman correlation of 0.618 between teachers’ competencies and use of software tools, implying that teachers’ level of competencies increases as they use and employ software tools when teaching. The chi-square test statistic indicated results of 288.498 and a significance of P < 0.005 . The P value is less than the chosen significance level α = 0.05, which checks for independence on the teachers’ competencies on ICT implementation. Therefore, implying that the null hypothesis was rejected at the 5% level of testing. The conclusion was that there is significant evidence that teachers’ competencies significantly influence ICT implementation. Therefore, this study forms a foundation informing all universities stakeholders on their responsibility to support teachers in implementing technology in their instruction.

No abstract

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become pivotal in our daily lives and educational institutions' teaching and interaction between instructors and learners. As a result, universities are restructuring their curriculum and classroom instruction bridging the digital gap between education and learning. However, research seldom centers on policies and infrastructure challenges as key ICT implementation factors. Empirical literature identified a substantial technological gap among the ICT policies and infrastructure that significantly influences ICT implementation. The review is essential given the different cultural contexts in which the interplay between ICT implementation, ICT policies, and infrastructure, of which the documentation has been relatively minor. The present study centers on the complex interplay between policy and infrastructural challenges that influence ICT implementation. In line with the study target and contributing to the existing literature, the researcher analyzed the literature drawn from qualitative and quantitative studies from different sources. The review established that ICT implementation depends on policies and relevant ICT infrastructure. Therefore, stakeholders need to intervene and address the challenge of effective ICT implementation. The study findings provide valuable baseline information to stimulate investment in ICT policies and infrastructure to streamline university education by enhancing accessibility, quality, and efficiency through ICT implementation.

Learner autonomy represents a consumed subject in the realm of English as a foreign language instruction. Nonetheless, the Algerian literature demonstrates a dearth of research on teachers’ beliefs about learner autonomy in the Algerian Middle school setting. This paper, therefore, examines the beliefs of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers about learner autonomy in Algeria. To this end, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from a sample of 129 Algerian middle school teachers of English as a foreign language. The study deployed a questionnaire in conjunction with an interview for data collection. The questionnaires’ data were numerically analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPPS), while the interviews’ data were analysed qualitatively using coding and theme generation. Findings reveal that teachers often view learner autonomy from psychological and technical orientations, implying that it encompasses the concepts of independence, choice, and collaboration. Additionally, the findings indicate a strong belief in teachers’ roles in promoting learner autonomy as well as in the latter’s role in enhancing the learning process. Furthermore, the findings indicated teachers’ desirability to involve learners in decision-making and assist them in developing skills for learning how to learn outweighs their feasibility. The investigation concluded with some suggestions.