Surface water from 38 streams nationwide was assessed using 14 target-organic methods (719 compounds). Designed-bioactive anthropogenic contaminants (biocides, pharmaceuticals) comprised 57% of 406 organics detected at least once. The 10 most-frequently detected anthropogenic-organics included eight pesticides (desulfinylfipronil, AMPA, chlorpyrifos, dieldrin, metolachlor, atrazine, CIAT, glyphosate) and two pharmaceuticals (caffeine, metformin) with detection frequencies ranging 66-84% of all sites. Detected contaminant concentrations varied from less than 1 ng L to greater than 10 μg L, with 77 and 278 having median detected concentrations greater than 100 ng L and 10 ng L, respectively. Cumulative detections and concentrations ranged 4-161 compounds (median 70) and 8.5-102 847 ng L, respectively, and correlated significantly with wastewater discharge, watershed development, and toxic release inventory metrics. Log concentrations of widely monitored HHCB, triclosan, and carbamazepine explained 71-82% of the variability in the total number of compounds detected (linear regression; p-values: < 0.001-0.012), providing a statistical inference tool for unmonitored contaminants. Due to multiple modes of action, high bioactivity, biorecalcitrance, and direct environment application (pesticides), designed-bioactive organics (median 41 per site at μg L cumulative concentrations) in developed watersheds present aquatic health concerns, given their acknowledged potential for sublethal effects to sensitive species and lifecycle stages at low ng L.

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Background and Operations The Bass River Site was the fourth borehole drilled as part of the New Jersey Coastal Plain Drilling Project, which began with Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 150X drilling at Island Beach, Atlantic City, and Cape May (Miller et al., 1994a, 1994b, 1996). Bass River was drilled by the New Jersey Geological Survey (NJGS) and Rutgers University and is the first site drilled as part of ODP Leg 174AX, complementing shelf drilling by Leg 174A; future Leg 174AX drilling is planned for 1998 near Corson's Inlet and Ancora, NJ. Funding for Bass River was provided by the NJGS for direct drilling expenses and the National Science Foundation (Earth Sciences Division, Continental Dynamics Program and Ocean Science Division, ODP) for science support. Drilling at Bass River targeted middle Miocene and older sequences, with the primary focus on Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian) to Paleocene strata that previously were poorly sampled. The drilling contractor, Boart Longyear, Inc., continuously cored 1956.5 ft (596.34 m) in October and November 1996 in Bass River State Forest, NJ (39°36′42″N, 74°26′12″W; elevation 28 ft [8.53 m]; New Gretna, NJ, 7.5-min quadrangle); drilling operations were superintended by the Continental Scientific Drilling Office of Texas A&M University. Recovery was excellent (mean recovery = 86.2%; median recovery = 99%), and a gamma log was obtained to total depth (TD). The on-site scientific team provided preliminary descriptions of sedimentary textures, structures, colors, fossil content, identification of lithostratigraphic units, lithologic contacts, and sequences (unconformity-bounded units). Neogene Sequences The Cape May Formation consists of ?Pleistocene-Holocene unconsolidated gravels, gravelly sands, and sandy clays (3−19.7 ft [0.91−6.00 m]). These overlie quartz sands and sandy clays assigned to the ?upper or ?middle Miocene Cohansey Formation (19.7−132.9 ft [6.0−40.5 m]). Three or four sequences were identified in the Cohansey Formation, but their ages are not known because of the absence of calcareous fossils. The lower middle to lower Miocene Kirkwood Formation (132.9−555.3 ft [40.51−169.26 m]) can be divided into four coarsening-upward (shallowing) sequences (Kw2b, Kw2a, Kw1b, Kw1a). These sequences consist of thin to absent basal sands (Transgressive Systems Tracts [TST]) overlain by prodelta clayey silts (lower Highstand Systems Tracts [HST]) that grade upsection to delta front medium-coarse sands (upper HST). Age control on these sequences consist of limited diatom biostratigraphy and Sr-isotopic analyses on the lower sequence (21.4−20.8 Ma).

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