For all byproducts measured, electronic cigarettes produce very small exposures relative to tobacco cigarettes. The study indicates no apparent risk to human health from e-cigarette emissions based on the compounds analyzed.

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This study provides insight into the penetration of UFP into homes and the resulting change in particle size distributions as particles move indoors near a major diesel traffic source. Although people spend most of their time in their homes, exposure estimates for epidemiological studies are generally determined using ambient concentrations. The findings of this study will contribute to improved size-resolved UFP exposure estimates for near roadway exposure assessments and epidemiological studies.

Ultrafine particles (UFP) can be defined as having at least one dimension that is less than 100 nanometers. Because of their dimensions, they exhibit unique properties that affect atmospheric transport, exposures, and possibly health endpoints. Freshly generated Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is predominantly in the ultrafine particle size range size range, which in practice is defined by the detection characteristics of the sampling instrument. During two seasons, an Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer TM (TSI, St. Paul, MN) detects particles over a range of 5.6-560 nm was used to continuously measure real-time particle size distributions along several streets that extend from the Peace Bridge (PB), a major international trade bridge, into a the nearby adjacent neighborhood that has reported a high prevalence rate of asthma (LwebugaMukasa 2000). The Peace Bridge connects Buffalo, NY, USA to Fort Erie, ON, Canada. During summer 2004, one minute average particle number concentrations were continuously monitored along neighborhood streets near the Peace Bridge Complex (PBC) plaza out to about 2 km. Ultrafine particle counts as a function of bridge traffic showed downwind UFP levels at 300 m ranging from 60,000-70,000 p/cm 3 . Upwind background UFP levels at the shore line of Lake Erie were typically 8,000-10,000 p/cm 3 under similar traffic and meteorological conditions. During winter 2006, additional measurements were conducted in front of several homes that were part of a separate indoor-

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