This summary covers key and representative developments in diesel emissions regulations, engine developments, and nitrogen oxide (NO x), particulate matter (PM), and hydrocarbon (HC) remediation. In California discussions are taking place on another round of criteria pollutant tightening on light duty. Carbon dioxide (CO2) regulations are being discussed in the developed markets. The US mandates on fuel economy and the proposed standards in Europe and California will result in a paradigm shift, wherein technologies previously rejected based on customer value will now be re-evaluated. Heavy-duty regulatory developments are now focused on Europe, where Euro VI regulations have been proposed for about 2013. The regulations are intended to be technology harmonizing with the US and Japanese regulations. Engines are continuing to make very impressive progress, with clean combustion strategies in active development mainly for US light-duty application. Heavy-duty research engines are more focused on traditional approaches, and will provide numerous engine/aftertreatment options for hitting the tight US 2010 regulations. NO x control is focusing on selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for diverse applications. Zeolite catalysts will be the mainstay for Japan, US, and Euro VI applications. The focus is catalyst improvements and system optimization. Lean NO x traps (LNTs) are effective up to about 70–80 per cent deNO x efficiency, and are being used for light-duty applications with significant improvements coming on precious metal utilization. Diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology is in a state of optimization and cost reduction. Very sophisticated management strategies are being utilized, which open up options for new filter materials and alternative system architectures. New catalyst formulations that oxidize soot at the catalyst—soot interface are emerging and are enhancing regeneration in the first commercial applications. Diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) are lighting-off and generating more NO2 for DPF regeneration at lower temperatures. For a more comprehensive review of these technologies the reader is directed to Johnson, T. V., Diesel emissions in review, SAE 2008-01-0121.

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The review paper summarizes major developments in vehicular emissions regulations and technologies in 2013. First, the paper covers the key regulatory developments in the field, including proposed light-duty (LD) criteria pollutant tightening in the US; and in Europe, the continuing developments towards real-world driving emissions (RDE) standards. Significant shifts are occurring in China and India in addressing their severe air quality problems. The paper then gives a brief, high-level overview of key developments in fuels. Projections are that we are in the early stages of oil supply stability, which could stabilize fuel prices. LD and HD (heavy-duty) engine technology continues showing marked improvements in engine efficiency. Key developments are summarized for gasoline and diesel engines to meet both the emerging NOx and GHG regulations. HD engines are or will soon be demonstrating 50% brake thermal efficiency using common approaches. NOx control technologies are then summarized, including SCR (selective catalytic reduction) systems and SCR filter developments. Emphasis is on low-temperature deNOx and integration of components and control. Diesel PM (particulate matter) reduction technologies are evolving around the behavior of ash deposits and SCR integration. Filters for direct injection gasoline applications are developing very rapidly, and in some cases the back pressure, light-off characteristics, and emissions reductions are very similar to standard three way catalysts (TWCs). Oxidation catalysts mainly involve developments towards stubborn problems, like low-temperature performance with exhaust with high hydrocarbon and CO, and methane oxidation. Finally, the paper discusses some key developments in gasoline gaseous emission control, focusing on matching engine calibration with emissions system characteristics; and on lean burn gasoline emissions control.

This review paper summarizes major developments in vehicular emissions regulations and technologies from 2014. The paper starts with the key regulatory advancements in the field, including newly proposed Non-Road Mobile Machinery regulations for 2019-20 in Europe, and the continuing developments towards real driving emissions (RDE) standards. An expert panel in India proposed a roadmap through 2025 for clean fuels and tailpipe regulations. LD (light duty) and HD (heavy-duty) engine technology continues showing marked improvements in engine efficiency. Key developments are summarized for gasoline and diesel engines to meet both the emerging NOx and GHG regulations. HD engines are demonstrating more than 50% brake thermal efficiency using methods that can reasonably be commercialized. Next, NOx control technologies are summarized, including SCR (selective catalytic reduction), lean NOx traps, and combination systems. Emphasis is on durability and control. Diesel PM (particulate matter) reduction findings are evolving around the behavior of the soot cake and PM sensors. Gasoline particulates are further described and gasoline particulate filter regeneration is now better understood. Oxidation catalysts mainly involve developments towards stubborn problems, like sulfur tolerance, low-temperature performance with exhaust with high hydrocarbon and CO, and methane oxidation. Finally, the paper discusses some key developments in gasoline gaseous emission control, focusing on meeting new regulatory requirements in the US, durability, and on lean burn gasoline emissions control.

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