In his study of the formation of apprenticeship system and analyzing its content, methods and forms in the Russian secondary vocational school described in the materials of the Kazan school district of the late XIX-early XX century, the author relies on the theory of Western modernization and positive bureaucracy, attracting regulatory and educational documentation, scientifically and publicly pedagogical journalism as well as ego documents. Practical methods of knowledge application were planned in the pre-revolutionary schools in the logical-pedagogical relationship, but their implementation left much to be desired. In the organization of production practice, this was due to the lack of permanent bases and practical managers from the educational institutions, a certain attitude towards the trainee at enterprises as auxiliary personnel engaged in versatile non-system work, as it was openly declared by the advanced pedagogical press and even by the administrative and training personnel in schools. The article also reveals positive aspects in the organization of practical training, which are still relevant today. These include the introduction of active learning methods, improved reporting documentation, payment for the students, preparing them for the future profession and management. The rapid development of practical training was due to the need of a qualified young specialist who was prepared for independent production activity in the new conditions of accelerated modernization of the country's economy.

No abstract

Having made an attempt to study the interaction level of the family and school in the late imperial Russia, the author has focused on parent organizations, as the latest and most fruitful way to carry out such contacts, by using publicistic writings on teaching science, school records and periodicals, as well as reference documentation for this task. The issue is revealed through the theory of modernization, theory of bureaucracy, sociocultural and gender approaches. By the beginning of the 20 th century, due to the almost complete nationalization of the Russian secondary school, the family's interaction with the educational institution their child was studying at was quite indirect and sporadic. During the Russian Revolution of 1905, the state was forced to legitimize parent organizations that had already become reality, considering them as a mechanism for appeasing students. The post-revolutionary decline of the social movement also led to the decline of the parent organizations' activity, in particular, lowering the number of parents attending the school meetings. This was used by the government as it introduced a quorum for the establishment of parent committees, justifying that by the need for a broad representational scope; as a result such committees were kept only in 1/5 of all the secondary schools. Parents' absenteeism was the result of the disappointment in the effectiveness of these bodies as they obviously lacked any rights as well as the change in the way of life of the townspeople whose pace of life significantly increased during that period. However, privately run commercial schools, usually being more liberal, had started interaction with parents before the revolution, continued and developed it afterwards, especially thanks to students' mothers, who mitigated possible contradictions between parent organizations and schools. As a result, in commercial schools, the family representation managed to actively expand its activities, gradually becoming one of the actors of the school environment. These positions were enhanced during the re-establishment of parent organizations * Corresponding author E-mail addresses: nabonid1@yandex.ru (T.A. Magsumov) European Journal of Contemporary Education, 2017, 6(4) 838 in state school, thus turning the commercial schools parent committees into one of the real forces of in-school management.

Авторское резюмеРецензируется сборник «Документы и материалы по истории Джигетии (1750-1868 гг.)», материалы которого раскрывают короткую, но весьма динамичную и на-сыщенную историю Джигетии. Удачная подборка документов позволяет проследить локальные трансформационные процессы в джигетском социуме в контексте слож-ной палитры этнополитической жизни Причерноморья в новое время. Материалы сборника позволяют более объективно взглянуть на спорные вопросы Кавказской войны. Широта источниковой базы и рассмотренных проблем позволят читателю провести самостоятельное и глубинное изучение сложного прошлого нашей страны.Ключевые слова: этническая история, Джигетия, Российская империя, Причер-номорье, рецензия. THE JIGETS: A GREAT HISTORY OF A SMALL PEOPLE T.A. MagsumovInternational Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research 89a Gorky Street, Office 4, Sochi, 354000, Russia E-mail: nabonid1@yandex.ru AbstractThe reviewed "The Documents and Materials on the History of Jigetia (1750-1868)" describes a short yet quite dynamic and rich history of Jigetia. The comprehensive

ISRA (India) = 1.344 ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 0.829 GIF (Australia) = 0.564 JIF = 1.500 SIS (USA) = 0.912 РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.179 ESJI (KZ) = 1.042 SJIF (Morocco) = 2.031 ICV (Poland) = 6.630 PIF (India) = 1.940 ISPC Perspectives in science for 2016,