Although perfectionism has been studied extensively in clinical and educational settings, it has been relatively ignored in the work context, despite its potential effect on employee well‐being. Therefore, we examined the impact of perfectionism on work engagement, strain, and burnout using two samples of working adults from Canada and Turkey. Setting high standards was associated with higher engagement and lower strain and cynicism. However, setting high standards did not provide a unique contribution when controlling for conscientiousness, achievement striving, and achievement motivation. Perceived discrepancy between high standards and perceived performance was associated with higher levels of strain and burnout. There was a significant interaction between standards and discrepancy, such that low discrepancy was associated with lower strain than high discrepancy regardless of one's level of standards. Furthermore, high discrepancy was associated with higher strain when standards were low than when standards were high. Workers with high standards and low discrepancy (adaptive perfectionism) experienced lower strain than workers with high standards and high discrepancy (maladaptive perfectionism).
Research on corporate greenwashing has expanded rapidly in recent years. At the same time, emerging studies in related literatures have found that employees are seeking out firms that are social and environmental leaders, and employee activism within firms is growing. However, the effect of firms' exaggeration and misrepresentation of environmental claims, or greenwashing, on their own employees has been overlooked. Accordingly, we investigate greenwashing from an organizational psychology lens, exploring the impact it can have on employees, and whether these effects differ for different types of employees. Using data collected at three separate time points from a sample of employees educated in environmental science/sustainability, our results show that greenwashing was positively related to perceptions of corporate hypocrisy, which in turn, resulted in higher turnover intentions. We also found that these relationships were moderated by employees' level of environmental education. By uncovering the deleterious effects greenwashing can have for employees, and by extension for their employers, these findings generate insights into the extent to which corporate environmental communications can backfire.
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