Background: Diversity within the medical profession with respect to sex and racial minorities has been shown to have a positive effect on health and healthcare. Characterization of a field is key to evaluating trends and the advancement of diversity in an otolaryngology subspecialty.Study Design: Observational study. Methods: A comprehensive list of all the academic laryngologists was compiled from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited otolaryngology residency programs in 2020. The last 20 past presidents of the American Laryngological Association (ALA) and American Broncho-Esophogological Association (ABEA) were analyzed. Academic rank and years in practice were determined from departmental websites, with online search tools used as secondary resources. The h-index was utilized as a measure of research productivity. Regression analysis was performed to analyze these variables.Results: There are 184 academic laryngologists in the 124 programs. The majority of the population is Caucasian 76.6% (141/184), followed by Asian 16.3% (30/184), African American 4.34% (8/184), and then Hispanic 1% (2/184). There are 47 full professors with 83% Caucasian, 14.1% Asian, and 2.1% African American and 91.5% male and only 8.5% female. Past ALA presidents were 90% male and for the ABEA 75% male. H-index revealed a statistically significant difference between Caucasian and African American colleagues [P value (<.0005)].Conclusions: Minorities are disproportionately underrepresented in laryngology. Women are less likely to be in leadership roles in laryngology and become full professors. Laryngology lags behind other surgical specialties in the representation of minorities and women. Continued efforts should be made to increase diversity in the field of laryngology, especially in regard to underrepresented minorities.

Background The aim of this study is to investigate whether a surgeon's training background and years of experience advertised on a social media platform influences perception of surgeon competence, patient recruitment likelihood, and referral likelihood. Methods A mockup of an Instagram post was created using a before and after picture of a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap patient. The caption under each post was changed to reflect one of six possible training categories: 1 year of experience, 10 years of experience, 20 years of experience, fellowship, Ivy League training, and a null case (with no training information against which all other cases were compared). Surveys asked female responders to evaluate surgeon competence, likelihood of becoming a patient, and likelihood of making a referral to their friends or family. Amazon MTurk crowdsourcing platform was used to distribute the survey. Results A total of 1,878 responses were recorded, with the majority identifying as Caucasian (59%). The surgeon with 20 years of experience had the highest patient recruitment scores when compared with the null, 1 year, 10 year, and Ivy League training backgrounds (p = 0.0314, p = 0.0065, p = 0.0207, and p = 0.0244, respectively). The majority of responders (67%) preferred a female surgeon. Responders with a history of breast reconstruction assigned lower surgeon competence scores compared with women without a history of breast cancer (p <0.0001). Women who underwent breast reconstruction were also less likely to make referrals to their family and friends (p <0.0001). Conclusion Surgeon's experience influences whether a patient is likely to seek care from a plastic surgeon. Personal history of breast cancer has a negative impact on perceived surgeon competence as well as patient recruitment likelihood and referral likelihood. Emphasizing fewer years of training or Ivy League training did not make an appreciable difference in patient perception of competence or likelihood of recruiting a new patient.

The use of log loops connecting the distal mobile spaces to the fixed masseteric SMAS area may be effective to treat the perioral aging alterations avoiding the risky sub-SMAS dissection. The loops may be designed according to the located laxity, wider or longer. The vertical plication adjusts the loops and are important to a horizontal SMAS dislocation. The redundant curled masseteric SMAS included into the loops and plication forms a bulky tissue that enhances de external face contour at this area, avoiding the stigmata of face lift based only on stretching the skin or SMAS.

Background: There is no well-defined male buttock aesthetic. The authors performed a crowdsourced analysis to define the ideal male buttocks. Methods: A survey was deployed using the Amazon MTurk platform. Respondents rated a panel of digitally altered male buttocks from most to least attractive using three views. Respondents were asked questions pertaining to their own interest in gluteal augmentation, self-reported body type, and other demographics. Results: A total of 2095 responses were recorded; 61% were from male respondents, 52% of respondents were between the ages of 25 and 34 years, and 49% were White respondents. The preferred lateral ratio in the anteroposterior dimension was 1.18; the oblique angle between the sacrum, lateral gluteal depression, and point of maximal projection of the gluteal sulcus was 60 degrees; and the posterior ratio between the waist and maximal width of the hips was 0.66. This corresponds to moderate gluteal projection in the lateral and oblique views, with a narrower gluteal width and defined trochanteric depression in the posterior view. Loss of the trochanteric depression was associated with lower scores. Subgroup analysis revealed differences when stratified by region, race, sexual orientation, employment industry, and athletic interest. No appreciable difference was found based on respondent sex. Conclusions: The authors' results demonstrate that there is a preferred male gluteal aesthetic. This study suggests that men and women favor a more projected male buttock with a more pronounced contour, but preferred a narrow width with defined lateral depression. These findings have the potential to guide future aesthetic gluteal contouring techniques in men.

METHODS:Cosmetic surgery tourism patient demographics and outcomes were reviewed between March 2020 and September 2021 at our institution. RESULTS:We identified fourteen female patients, averaging 36.4 years of age. All patients underwent body contouring procedures, most commonly abdominoplasty (12/14), frequently combined with liposuction or breast augmentation. On average, patients presented 39.4 days after their operation and travelled 69.6 miles to our facilities. All patients utilized Emergency Department resources, and 13/14 patients were admitted, resulting in 66 total hospital days, averaging 5.1 days per admission. Nine required an additional procedure, including two who returned to the operating room. Eight patients traveled internationally for surgery, six to Mexico and two to the Dominican Republic. Domestically, Miami, Florida was the most popular destination (5/14).CONCLUSION: Surprisingly, cosmetic surgery tourism continued unabated during the COVID-19 pandemic. After developing a complication, patients frequently utilized emergency department resources and often were treated by nonsurgeons before arriving at our institution. Surgical tourism continues to place the onus of finding appropriate postoperative care on patients, with their surgeon some hundreds of miles away. Additionally, surgical tourism during a pandemic may confound healthcare resource utilization strategies.