Working on night versus day shift was associated with higher likelihood of same-day fried/fast food consumption and same-day sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. This temporal association did not extend beyond one day as there were no significant associations between shift work and subsequent-day empty calorie food/beverage consumption.

Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) appears to reduce risk of childhood-onset asthma, but the relationship between HPI and adult-onset asthma is inconclusive. This study explored the potential association between HPI and risk of adult-onset asthma. We conducted a national insurance retrospective cohort study using the longitudinal health insurance database (LHID 2000) in Taiwan. We enrolled the HPI group consisting of 1664 patients with HPI diagnosis between 2000 and 2007, and the non-HPI group consisting of 6,656 age- and sex-matched subjects without HPI. All study participants had been followed up from index date to the diagnostic date of asthma, withdrawal from the National Health Insurance program, or the end of 2011, which came first. We analyzed risk of adult-onset asthma with respect to sex, age, and comorbidities by using Cox models. Cigarette smoking status, which could not be obtained from the program, was adjusted indirectly by considering chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in our statistical models because the disease is related to heavy smoking. After adjustment for sex, age, and comorbidities, HPI was significantly associated with an increased 1.38-fold risk of adult-onset asthma. Moreover, among people without comorbidities, the 1.85-fold risk of adult-onset asthma remained higher for the HPI population compared with the non-HPI population. In this study, patients with HPI exhibited a significantly higher risk of adult-onset asthma than did the subjects without HPI.

Objective: Despite their high rate of labor force participation, African American women earn less and are overrepresented in service jobs that tend to have fewer benefits, longer work hours, and less flex­ibility. The aim of our study was to examine associations between work-related daily has­sles and energy balance behaviors among female African American workers.Design: A secondary analysis of a 7-day intensive longitudinal study using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).Setting: Metropolitan area of Chicago, Illinois, United States; July 2012 through January 2013.Participants: A convenience sample of 70 female African American workers.Methods: EMA was used to collect informa­tion over seven days on work hassles and energy balance behaviors: empty calorie food intake; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); sedentary behavior; sleep duration; and sleep disturbance. Within-person associations between daily work hassles and each of these daily energy bal­ance behaviors were analyzed using person fixed-effects regression.Results: A total of 334 person-day observa­tions from 70 female African American workers were included in the final analysis. Reporting at least one daily work hassle was associated with same-day higher empty calorie food intake (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.6) and more daily minutes of sedentary behavior (b: 35.8, 95% CI; .2, 71.3). How­ever, no significant associations were found between prior-day work hassles and either food intake or sedentary behavior. Daily work hassles were not related to MVPA, sleep duration, or sleep disturbance.Conclusions: Our study showed that daily work hassles were associated with female African American workers’ empty calo­rie food intake and sedentary behaviors. Strategies to eliminate daily work hassles may help to improve their energy balance behaviors. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(2):177-186; doi:10.18865/ed.31.2.177

Purpose Some evidence suggests that male infertility increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the evidence in Asian populations is relatively scarce. The aim of this study is to determine whether male infertility increases the risk of CVDs. Materials and Methods We used inpatient and outpatient data for the years 2000 to 2015 from the Taiwanese Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. We enrolled 7,016 males over 18 years old and diagnosed with male infertility. Of these, 2,326 matched our inclusion criteria and were assigned to the study group. For each infertility patient, four comparison patients were frequency-matched by age and index date to form a control cohort comprising 9,304 patients. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate the association between male infertility and CVDs. Results After a 15-year follow-up, the incidence rate of CVDs was higher in the infertility group than the control group (1,460.23 and 1,073.70 per 100,000 person-years, respectively). The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the adjusted HR for CVDs was 1.472 for the infertility group (95% CI, 1.288–1.683; p<0.001) relative to the control group. The Kaplan–Meier analysis of the cumulative incidence of CVDs in the two groups showed that the cumulative risk curve for CVDs was significantly higher for the infertility group than the control group. Conclusions This study shows that men with infertility have a higher risk of developing incident CVDs. In the future, healthcare providers should pay attention to these patients because of their higher health risks.