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In this paper we present results of international comparisons of fixed-point cells of some of the defining fixed-point materials of the International Temperature Scale of 1990. These comparisons involved cells from seven national laboratories, although in some cases only one type of fixed-point material was compared. Except for silver cells, the agreement among cells of the same defining fixed-point material from the various laboratories was to within 1 mK. The expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of the comparison measurements were 12 µK for Ga, 18 µK for H2O, 27 µK for Sn, 35 µK for In, 37 µK for Zn, 42 µK for Al, and 55 µK for Ag.

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Equilibrium freezing points of four silver ingots were intercompared. A spread of values of about 18 mK was found between the, presumably, purest and the most impure sample. The influence of furnace temperature upon the plateau temperature, via non-equilibrium effects at the solid-liquid interface, is discussed.

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) maintains Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) standards. 3GPP Release 12, which provides LTE enhancements, was completed in March 2016. As various 3GPP LTE/LTE-A network architectures are expanding and improving, global telecommunications firms are competing to develop 5th-generation mobile telecommunications systems. Moreover, the development of world-class telecommunications infrastructure necessitates a simulation platform that meets global standards to assess the performance of telecommunications systems. Therefore, the present study proposed a three-dimensional spatial channel model that-in accordance with a 3GPP technical report (TR 36.873: "Study on 3D channel model for LTE")-included a wrap-around model and large-scale parameter correlation maps. This model was implemented to yield channel responses with spatial properties during an investigation into an LTE-A system. This improved the performance assessment of a telecommunications system with a large antenna.