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Dynamic visual acuity test (DVAT) plays a key role in the assessment of vestibular function, the visual function of athletes, as well as various ocular diseases. As the visual pathways conducting dynamic and static signals are different, DVATs may have potential advantages over the traditional visual acuity tests commonly used, such as static visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and static perimetry. Here, we provide a review of commonly applied DVATs and their several uses in clinical ophthalmology. These data indicate that the DVAT has its unique clinical significance in the evaluation of several ocular disorders.

In the present study we compared dynamic visual acuity (DVA) of 84 eyes (for 42 adults with myopia; M age = 28.4, SD = 6.6 years; males = 38.1%, females = 61.9%) at 40 and 80 degree per second (dps) before surgery with eyeglass corrections and after a surgical procedure – a small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Participants underwent binocular SMILE surgery with plano refraction targets. Their eyeglass-corrected binocular DVA at 40 and 80 dps was evaluated preoperatively, and their uncorrected binocular DVA was assessed post-operatively at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The mean logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (UDVA and CDVA) were −0.09 and −0.11 respectively, 3 months postoperatively. The mean preoperative eyeglass-corrected DVAs at 40 and 80 dps were 0.141 and 0.184, respectively, and significant improvements were observed for 40 dps and 80 dps DVAs 3 months postoperatively. Pearson’s correlations were statistically significant between the postoperative DVAs at 3 months and for both the preoperative DVA and postoperative UDVA at both 40 dps and 80 dps. The change in the DVAs at 3 months were significantly associated with the preoperative DVAs at 40 dps and 80 dps. In conclusion, myopic patients’ DVAs significantly improved following SMILE in comparison to corrected preoperative visual acuity when wearing eyeglasses. The post-SMILE DVA was associated with both the preoperative DVA and the postoperative UDVA.

Background To assess dynamic visual acuity (DVA) under different defocus statuses and explore the assessment of dynamic vision accommodation. Methods Twenty subjects (6 males and 14 females) aged 18 to 35 were recruited. Nonmydriatic subjective refraction (sphere and cylinder) and accommodative tests including negative relative accommodation (NRA), positive relative accommodation (PRA), binocular cross cylinder (BCC) and accommodative facility using a flipper were performed. Binocular static visual acuity (SVA) and DVA at 40 degrees per second (dps) were measured under different defocus statuses (+1.5D to -4D in -0.5D steps) based on the refractive error fully corrected. Static and dynamic defocus curves were plotted. The area under the curve (AUC) and corrected dynamic vision accommodation (CDVAc) were calculated. Results The study showed that the dynamic defocus curve fitted the cubic curve properly (p<0.001). DVA was significantly worse than SVA at all defocused statuses (p<0.001), and the difference was more significant at greater defocus diopters. Single factor analysis indicated that CDVAc was significantly correlated with NRA-PRA (p=0.012) and AUCdynamic (p<0.001). Significant associations were observed between AUCdynamic and PRA (p=0.013) as well as NRA-PRA (p=0.021). Meanwhile, DVA was positively correlated with PRA at 0D, -1.0D, -1.5D, -2.5D and -3.0D (p<0.05) and with NRA-PRA at 0D, -1.0D, -1.5D, -2.0D and -2.5D (p<0.05). Multiple factor regression analysis indicated that CDVAc (0D ~ -3.5D) and SVA (+1.5D ~ +1.0D & -2.5D ~ -4.0D) were significant influential factors for defocused DVA (p<0.05). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that DVA had a defocus curve similar to that of SVA. CDVAc was feasible for the assessment of dynamic vision accommodative function. The dynamic defocus curve test could efficiently be applied in the evaluation of dynamic visual performance under different defocus statuses.

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