Rapid propagation of plants by tissue culture is of great significance for large-scale production, molecular genetics research, and breeding. Currently, a rapid and high-efficient tissue culture protocol for Euonymus bungeanus is needed. To develop a propagation system for this species, we established a new regeneration system from leaves. Callus formation was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm -3 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.5 mg dm -3 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and the induction rate almost reached 100 % under red radiation within 21 d. The medium for proliferation of adventitious buds comprised of MS medium with 1.0 mg dm -3 6-BA and 0.5 mg dm -3 NAA, and the induction rate within 20 d nearly reached 100 %. When, the adventitious buds were transferred to the rooting medium containing ½MS, 2.0 mg dm -3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 0.05 mg dm -3 NAA, adventitious root formation was achieved within 20 d. Collectively, the rapid and high-efficient regeneration system from E. bungeanus leaves was established, providing useful references for effective mass propagation and it could serve as an enabling technology for future genetic engineering.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Molecular dynamics simulation is performed to study the influence of environmental pressure on the mixing process. Based on the OPLS-AA full-atomic potential function, the "gas-liquid-gas" simulation box model is used to study the evaporation characteristics of n-heptane at different environmental conditions. The results show that compared with the subcritical environment, the nitrogen molecules in the supercritical condition can diffuse into the liquid phase region earlier, and the temperature of the liquid phase rise faster, and then a unified supercritical fluid could be formed. Based on the density profile, a ?gas-liquid-gas? interface thickness is defined and the interface thickness is widened as the ambient pressure increase, resulting in the conventional subcritical evaporation transition to turbulent mixing process.