Aim: This study aims to compare the marginal adaptation and sealing ability [mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-Fillapex, AH Plus, Endofill sealers] of root canal sealers. Materials and methods:In the present study, the inclusion criteria include 45 single-rooted extracted mandibular premolar teeth, with single canal and complete root formation. The sectioning of the samples was done at the cementoenamel junction using a low-speed diamond disc.Step-back technique was used to prepare root canals manually. The MTA-Fillapex, AH Plus, and Endofill sealers were the three experimental sealer groups to which 45 teeth were distributed. Under scanning electron microscope (SEM), marginal gap at sealer and root dentin interface were examined at coronal and apical halves of root canal.Results: Among the three maximum marginal adaptations were seen with AH Plus sealer (4.10 ± 0.10) which is followed by Endofill sealer (1.44 ± 0.18) and MTA-Fillapex sealer (0.80 ± 0.22). Between the coronal and apical marginal adaptation, significant statistical difference (p = 0. Kannur, Kerala, India, e-mail: vimalremy@gmail.com there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) found between the above two groups at coronal and apical third. Conclusion:The present study proves that AH Plus sealer has a better marginal adaptation when compared with other sealers used.Clinical significance: For sealing space of crown wall and main cone in root canal treatment, sealers play an important role. The other advantages of sealers are that they are used to fill voids and irregularities in root channel, secondary, lateral channels, and space between applied gutta-percha cones and also act as tripper during filling.

Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the amount of radicular peroxide penetration when various concentrations of carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gels (10, 15, and 35%) and a mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with sodium perborate are used for intracoronal bleaching. Materials and methods: Fifty extracted single-rooted premolars from young adults were used. The specimens were then divided into five groups such that teeth with varying sizes were equally distributed in all groups. Group I-distilled water (control group), group II-10% CP, group III-15% CP, group IV-35% CP, and group V-30% HP with sodium perborate. Intermediate restorative material (IRM) was used to seal access cavities and left for a week at 37 °C in an incubator. Following the bleaching process, suspended teeth from plastic tubes containing distilled water were removed and the water was used to determine the amount of peroxide levels. A UV-visible spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 480 nm was used to determine the quantity of peroxide based on the optical density. Results: Results showed the highest peroxide leakage in group V, followed by group IV, and then group III, whereas the least peroxide penetration was found in group II, and the control group or group I showed no penetration. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between the various groups tested. The Mann-Whitney test was done to find in which pair of groups there exists a significant difference. It was found that all the groups when compared among themselves showed a significant difference. Conclusion: The present study concluded that lower concentrations of CP 10 and 15% produced lower peroxide leakage. Hence, it could be tried as an alternate to traditional agents in cases with compromised tooth which shows cervical tooth defects where the risk of external root resorption is higher. Clinical significance: The management of discolored teeth involves different techniques; among various techniques, bleaching is considered to be a safe, effective, and relatively noninvasive technique to lighten discolored teeth and it also conserves dental hard tissue.

The aim of this study was to compare the remineralization potential of three different dentifrices using Raman spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Totally, 30 extracted intact impacted third molar teeth were selected and the crown of each tooth in a group was separated from the root and longitudinally sectioned into four parts with each section under a subgroup, of which one section was an untreated section, the second and the third sections were demineralized in a demineralizing solution, and the third section was remineralized after demineralization. The teeth in the three groups were demineralized for 4 days and then treated with 0.21% sodium fluoride dentifrice with trical-cium phosphate, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and NovaMin for 14 days, following which the teeth surfaces were studied using Raman spec-troscopy and CLSM to assess the remineralization potential of the three dentifrices. The data were recorded and analyzed statistically. Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed better remin-eralization with CPP-ACP, which was statistically significant from the groups treated with the NovaMin dentifrice and the fluoride-containing dentifrice.Confocal laser scanning microscopic examination also revealed significant differences between the three groups with the NovaMin-containing dentifrice demonstrating a greater remineralization of the surface when compared with the CPP-ACP dentifrice. The teeth samples treated with fluoride-containing dentifrice demonstrated the least reminer-alization among the three groups. It can be concluded that the demineralized samples of teeth treated with CPP-ACP showed the highest concentration of phosphate ions when analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, and the microscopic examination using confocal laser revealed a better surface remineralization of the demin-eralized samples when treated with the NovaMin technology. There is a great need to find ways to enhance the remineralization process and transfer such knowledge into clinical therapy to alter caries balance for the better, especially in individuals with a high cariogenic bacterial challenge. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, Fluoride, NovaMin, Remineralization, Tricalcium phosphate.