Introduction The role of vitamin D in placental functions and fetal growth had been addressed in many reports with conflicting results. However, such report is limited for Indonesian population. The aim of this study was to explore the association between maternal vitamin D level in the first trimester and fetal biometry in the later stage of pregnancy with adjusted OR for other determinants like hemoglobin and ferritin level. Methods From July 2016 a prospective cohort study of pregnant women had begun in four cities in West Java, Indonesia. Data on maternal vitamin D, ferritin, hemoglobin level, maternal demography and fetal biometry were analyzed with linear regression. Results Among 203 recruited women, 195 (96.06%) had hypovitaminosis D. One hundred fifty two (75%) were in deficient state and 43 women (21%) were in insufficient state. Women with insufficient vitamin D had the highest proportion of anemia, while women with normal vitamin D level had the highest proportion of low ferritin level. Maternal serum vitamin D showed significant associations with biparietal diameter (β = 0.141, p = 0.042) and abdominal circumference (β = 0.819, p = 0.001) after adjustment with maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, serum ferritin level, and hemoglobin level. Conclusion Our study suggested that sufficient maternal vitamin D level was an important factor to improve fetal growth and development.

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a prerequisite for tissue implantation. The presence of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), in shed endometrium cells has a significant role in ECM degradation. A case–control study was performed to find other diagnostic markers using menstrual blood. We examined a sample of 68 women who visited the gynecology clinic in Dr Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, 40% of whom were confirmed to have endometriosis, and the rest tested negative by histopathological examination. All endometriotic cases presented MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression with different cell distribution. MMP-9 expression in endometriosis patients was increased compared to the controls (p = 0.002). Expression of MMP-9 in >80% of endometrial cells was associated with a higher risk for endometriosis (OR 4.44 95% CI 1.31 to 15.56) compared to MMP-9 expression in 50%–80% of cells. TIMP-1 cell expression in women with endometriosis was lower than in the control group (p = 0.030). Subjects with TIMP-1 expression in 20%–50% of endometrial cells had a higher risk for endometriosis (OR 4.5, 95%CI 1.21–17.42) compared those with TIMP-1 expression in 50%–80% of cells. These expressions levels can be useful to predict endometriosis.

Karakteristik pasien dan hasil pemeriksaan ultrasonografi penting untuk menegakkan diagnosis adenomiosis, dapat diketahui terkait dari usia, gejala dan paritas serta pemeriksaan patologi anatomi. Metode: Deskriptif retrospektif menganalisis gejala klinis dan ultrasonografi adenomiosis. Data demografi (usia dan paritas), gejala klinis, hasil pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, dan hasil pemeriksaan patologi anatomi. Hasil: Dari 116 kasus, rata-rata usia adalah 39 tahun, paritas 1-4 (51,7%), infertilitas sekunder (35,3%), dengan gejala klinis yang terbanyak adalah massa pada abdomen (45,7%). Hasil pemeriksaan ultrasonografi yang terutama adalah miometrium heterogen (63,8%), kista miometrium (59,5%), dan subendometrial linear striae (56,0%). Hasil pemeriksaan USG transvaginal yang paling banyak ditemukan gambaran miometrium heterogen (63,8%) dan kista miometrium (59,5%). Kesimpulan: Adenomiosis umum terjadi pada usia reproduktif dan multiparitas dengan gejala utama massa pada abdomen dan hasil ultrasonografi yang terutama ditemukan adalah miometrium heterogen.