Literary translation is not a simple and easy work due to the peculiar problems that often occur in the process. The problems may be cultural, linguistic, and psychological, or also include style and mode, especially when the translation does not only involve text in narratives but also in images. Focusing on the fidelity in translation, this paper analyzes the Indonesian translation of a literary graphic novel adaptation of Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner. By considering the linguistic and cultural differences, the fidelity in translation is examined from both visual and verbal aspects. Utilizing Gonçalves de Assis' chart of fidelity, that includes linguistic fidelity, non-linguistic fidelity, spatio-topia fidelity, typography fidelity, and format fidelity, from 132 pages, there are 32 panels illustrating stark differences or infidelity. different perception and impression due to infidelity in linguistic, nonlinguistic and topography aspects. Yet, there is fidelity to the format, size and position of panels and pictures. Due to the small number of differences found, the Indonesian version of The Kite Runner: Graphic Novel leans towards foreignizing since many borrowings are performed in both verbal and visual aspects.

This study was aimed at introducing a model of media literacy education to identify and respond to hoaxes to avoid potential conflicts threatening the unity in diversity in Indonesia. The data were derived from middle and high school teachers at eLKISI Islamic Boarding School who have access to digital media in their teaching-learning process. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and survey questionnaire were employed to find the patterns of media consumption among these teachers and their awareness of hoaxes. This preliminary study was expected to map the patterns of media consumption and build an awareness of hoaxes among teachers, which eventually increase their level of media literacy. The final result of this study is projected at introducing a media literacy education model that helps to maintain Indonesia's unity in diversity as indicated by the teachers' ability to identify and respond properly to hoaxes in order to avoid disintegration.

Traditionally, literary analyses have tended to concentrate on the analysis of narrative texts presented in words. However, many works of contemporary literature appeal to readers not only through texts, but also images and even audios. Graphic novel is a contemporary literary work that enables texts and images interact to create a complex whole. Adapted from a mash-up novel, Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: The Graphic Novel has shifted its mode of engagement from telling mode in narrative literature into showing mode in graphic adaptation. Focusing on women's portrayal in the graphic novel adaptation, this paper discusses how the interaction of texts and images affect women objectification in the story. Hence, by applying Kress' multimodality, Nussbaum's objectification, and Kukkonen's graphic novel theories, this paper reveals that the way visualand verbal modes complement each other tointensify the objectification depicted in the graphic novel.

This study aims at exploring verbal and visual expressions of Asian American immigrants depicted in Malaka Gharib’s I was Their American Dream: A Graphic Memoir (2019). Telling a story of the author’s childhood experience growing up as a bicultural child in America, the graphic memoir shows the use of code-switching from English to Tagalog and Arabic as well as the use of pejorative terms associated with typical stereotypes of the Asian American. Apart from the verbal codes, images also play a significant role in this graphic memoir by providing visual representations to support the narrative. By applying theories of code-switching, this paper examines the types of and reasons for code-switching in the graphic memoir. The linguistic analysis is further supported by non-narrative analysis of images in the memoir as a visual representation of Asian American cultural identity. This study reveals that code-switching is mainly applied to highlight the author’s mixed cultural background as well as to imply both personal and sociopolitical empowerment for minorities, particularly Asian Americans. Furthermore, through the non-narrative analysis, this paper shows that in her drawings, Gharib refuses to inscribe stereotypical racial portrayal of the diverse characters and focuses more on beliefs, values, and experiences that make her who she is, a Filipino-Egyptian American.

For centuries, racial discrimination and injustice have resulted in the struggle of African Americans to resist racial inequality. Nevertheless, their struggle has never been easy since racism against African Americans has long been institutionalized. In other words, any kinds of white oppression that marginalized, discriminated, and alienated African Americans have embedded in formal institutions, such as legal, educational, as well as social and political institutions. Accordingly, this study dealt with institutional racism and black resistance in the United States as portrayed through images and narratives in two American graphic novels, Octavia E. Butler’s Kindred: A Graphic Novel Adaptation and John Lewis’ March: Book Three, which depicted different ways African Americans were oppressed by and resisted against institutionalized racism. This study applied African American criticism to reveal the racism and black resistance portrayed in both graphic novels based on Feagin’s and Better’s theories of systemic racism and institutional racism. As this study focused on graphic novels, the analysis combined both narrative and non-narrative elements in making meaning through cues provided in the graphic novels, including stressed words and facial expressions. This study reveals that the whites have successfully oppressed African Americans for so long due to the white racial frame and its embedded racist ideology that enforced segregation system. Furthermore, the findings suggest that only by empowering themselves, African Americans are able to resist institutionalized racism in order to gain their freedom and equality of rights.