Data from 565 knee arthroscopies performed by two experienced knee surgeons between 2002 and 2005 for degenerative joint disorders, ligament injuries, loose body removals, lateral release of the patellar retinaculum, plica division, and adhesiolysis was prospectively collected. A subset of 109 patients from the above group who sequentially had clinical examination, MRI and arthroscopy for suspected meniscal and ligament injuries were considered for the present study and the data was reviewed. Patients with previous menisectomies, knee ligament repairs or reconstructions and knee arthroscopies were excluded from the study. Patients were categorised into three groups on objective clinical assessment: Those who were positive for either meniscal or cruciate ligament injury [group 1]; both meniscal and cruciate ligament injury [group 2] and those with highly suggestive symptoms and with negative clinical signs [group 3]. MRI was requested for confirmation of diagnosis and for additional information in all these patients. Two experienced radiologists reported MRI films. Clinical and MRI findings were compared with Arthroscopy as the gold standard. A thorough clinical examination performed by a skilled examiner more accurately correlated at Arthroscopy. MRI added no information in group 1 patients, valuable information in group 2 and was equivocal in group 3 patients. A negative MRI did not prevent an arthroscopy. In this study, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were more favourable for clinical examination though MRI was more sensitive for meniscal injuries. The use of MRI as a supplemental tool in the management of meniscal and ligament injuries should be highly individualised by an experienced surgeon.

There is little data regarding Vitamin D deficiency in Greece. Also conflicting are the data regarding the bone turnover during the acute hip fracture interval and the situation is even more complex considering the recently developed bone turnover markers (BTMs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters of bone mineral homeostasis of women with fragility hip fracture using the recently developed BTMs of carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTx) and the procollagen type 1 aminoterminal propeptide (PINP) and to determinate vitamin D (25-OHD) levels of elderly Greek women with acute hip fracture. 38 self-sufficient, community-living Greek women with acute hip fracture were included. A similar number of age-and sex-matched controls with no clinically evident fractures were included in the study meeting the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. To exclude the effect of trauma blood samples were drawn within 24 hours from the fracture. Hip fracture group had significantly lower serum 25-OHD levels and significantly higher intact parathormone (PTH) levels compared to the control group but no correlation between PTH and 25-OHD was found in both groups. CTx was significantly correlated with PINP in the total group and in both groups separately but there was no statistical difference of their levels between the two groups. There was high prevalence of severe Vitamin D deficiency within the postmenopausal Greek women with acute hip fracture and the fracture did not influence the above mentioned BTMs. The processes of bone resorption and bone production are in balance during the first 24 hours after the fracture.

Introduction: The oldest and most popular teaching style in medicine and related fields is the lecture. They are affordable and at least as good at transferring knowledge as other instructional techniques. The present study aimed to assess the effect of lecture-based education, role-playing and learning through peers on learning and satisfaction among MBBS students. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted among the MBBS student studying at MNR Medical College & Hospital. Total of 446 students were approached to fill the predesigned questionnaire for the response. The questionnaire in Google form was shared to students via email, WhatsApp and Telegram (Google form link: https://forms.gle/YfkNojfV5az5Q6AW8). The questionnaire contained two sections, demographic information included age, gender, and year of course and second part included the 10 questions. Students expressed their views on the questionnaire expression based on a five point Likert scale. Results: Total of 340 students with mean age of 19.65±1.22 yrs responded to the questionnaire shared. Among them 61.8% were female students and 38.2% were male students. Most students responded with strongly agree for the role play mode of learning compared to the traditional lecture based learning and also peer learning (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings, students are more satisfied with participatory methods such as role playing than with lecture and learning through peers. There were upsides for each method of learning in itself as responded by the participants.