This review covers the outer core level photoionization of the free 3d metal atoms from Sc to Cu. The experimental 3p, 3s and 2p photoemission and photoabsorption spectra are discussed. A comparison emphasizes common features and distinct differences. The interpretation of the data based on ab initio calculations reveals the influence of multi-electron interactions in the 3d metal atoms. We focus on the fundamental effects and main interactions which govern the electronic structure of these open shell atoms.

NeXus is an effort by an international group of scientists to define a common data exchange and archival format for neutron, X-ray and muon experiments. NeXus is built on top of the scientific data format HDF5 and adds domain-specific rules for organizing data within HDF5 files, in addition to a dictionary of well defined domain-specific field names. The NeXus data format has two purposes. First, it defines a format that can serve as a container for all relevant data associated with a beamline. This is a very important use case. Second, it defines standards in the form of application definitions for the exchange of data between applications. NeXus provides structures for raw experimental data as well as for processed data.

A synchrotron radiation beamline in the photon energy range of 18 -240 eV and an electron spectroscopy end station have been constructed at the 3 GeV Diamond Light Source storage ring. The instrument features a variable polarisation undulator, a high resolution monochromator, a re-focussing system to form a beam spot of 50x50 µm 2 and an end station for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) including a 6-degrees-of-freedom cryogenic sample manipulator. The beamline design and its performance allow for a highly productive and precise use of the ARPES technique at an energy resolution of 10 -15 meV for fast k-space mapping studies with a photon flux up to 2 • 10 13 ph/sec and well below 3 meV for high resolution spectra.

The photoabsorption spectrum of the 2p-3d resonances and the 2p photoelectron spectrum of atomic Ni were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The analysis of the spectra takes into account that at the evaporation temperature of the metal at about 1800 K the fine structure states 3d(8) 4s(2) 3F and 3d(9) 4s 3D of both configurations 3d(8) 4s(2) and 3d(9) 4s are populated. The population of these two configurations offers the unique possibility for a comparison with the corresponding spectra in the condensed phase (Ni metal and NiO) where current configuration interaction calculations use the mixture of the configurations (3d,4s)(10). By using our theoretical description of the 2p photoionization new insight into these condensed phase spectra is found.

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