Children who are significantly (two or more standard deviations) below or above average height can be considered to be of short or tall stature, although it is more common for children and their parents to be concerned about short stature. Evaluation for a suspected growth disorder should involve standardized assessment to identify both normal (e.g., familial short or tall stature) and abnormal variants (e.g., a genetic disorder) of growth in order to determine etiology and guide intervention, including the decision not to intervene medically. Treatment should be based on the determined etiology of the tall or short stature and, for many children, medical treatment may not be necessary. Providing information to patients and their parents regarding the potential risks and benefits of treatment is essential in order to provide the best care, to reassure parents and families, and to manage expectations appropriately.